Anatomy of the Dicotyledons.
About: This article is published in American Midland Naturalist.The article was published on 1950-11-01. It has received 2511 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The micromorphological features of the vegetative and reproductive structures of ten mulberry cultivars grown at the Specialized Sericultural Section of the Agricultural Zoology Experimental Institute of Padua, northeastern Italy, were examined by SEM in order to determine the charactetistics that were the most valuable taxonomically.
Abstract: The micromorphological features of the vegetative and reproductive structures of ten mulberry cultivars grown at the Specialized Sericultural Section of the Agricultural Zoology Experimental Institute of Padua, northeastern Italy, were examined by SEM in order to determine the charactetistics that were the most valuable taxonomically. The observed specimens (leaves, flowers, seeds, and pollen grains) showed micromorphological differences regarding leaf hairiness, quantity of waxes, quality of epidermis cuticle and tepal hairiness. The effects of differing environments in altering the floral sex ratios of this basically monoecious group of plants were also investigated. However, no significant differences between the micromorphology of the seeds and the pollen grains of these selected cultivars were detected. The authors are hopeful that the information gained in this study may prove useful in the future creation of an exhaustive and final catalogue “descriptor” of cultivated varieties belonging to the genus Morus L.
20 citations
TL;DR: The obtained results confirm the potential of A. humile for the prospection of new bioactive compounds and propose a new method of phytochemical analysis of secretions, prospect flavonoids and alkaloids, which is practical and inexpensive and has potential for wide application.
Abstract: Leaves of Anacardium humile are used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of intestinal disturbances and skin lesions. This study aimed to define leaf diagnostic structural characters, to propose a new method of phytochemical analysis of secretions, prospect flavonoids and alkaloids, and to evaluate their inhibitory activity on Candida albicans. Common anatomical, phytochemical, and microbiological methods were used. Leaves of Anacardium occidentale were used as a reference for the structural analyses. The main structural characters were closed vascular system, absence of ducts at the medulla, bilateral mesophyll, absence of bundle sheath extension, and secretory idioblasts at the xylem. The ducts present schizogenous origin, and secreting activity is restricted to the initial phases of leaf blade expansion. The proposed new phytochemical method is practical and inexpensive and has potential for wide application. The abundance of tannins and flavonoids is related to medicinal use. A single peak in high-performance liquid chromatography indicated the presence of a pure substance not previously reported. The extract had a strong inhibitory effect on C. albicans. The obtained results confirm the potential of A. humile for the prospection of new bioactive compounds.
20 citations
TL;DR: A comparison of its embryological characteristics with those of some other groups indicates that Akania closely resembles Bretschneideraceae, but it retains some archaic embryological features and is best treated as a separate family in or near Sapindales, as in most modern general classifications.
20 citations
TL;DR: Glandular trichomes on the anthers of Leonurus sibiricus produce a secretion that, when touched, is liberated at once and becomes sticky when in contact with the air, and the composition possibly differs from what generally distinguishes these glandulartrichomes, i.e. volatile oils that give these plants their particular smell.
Abstract: Fil: Moyano, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal; Argentina
20 citations
TL;DR: An attempt is made to explain the presumptive evolutionary development of the phloem system in terms of physiological fitness, and the diversity of the leafphloem in dicotyledons is discussed.
Abstract: Current research discloses that the phloem system is not only responsible for the allocation of photoassimilates, but has several other functions. Despite the knowledge acquired recently, the phloem remains the most puzzling plant tissue due to its inaccessability to experimental approach. Since well-preserved fossile remnants of phloem tissue are rare, evolution of sieve elements and the whole phloem was inferred from the phloem structure in present plant taxa. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the sieve elements being the conducting modules of the phloem. Development of sieve elements probably was a polyphyletic event. It may have occurred independently in various groups of algae and in the land plants. The emergence of highly specialized accessory cells sustaining the sieve element is restricted to the Spermatophyta. An attempt is made to explain the presumptive evolutionary development of the phloem system in terms of physiological fitness. In particular, the diversity of the leaf phloem in dicotyledons is discussed. It is an example of progressive phloem evolution in a plant organ that is permanently challenged by daily variations and more persistent environmental changes.
19 citations