Anatomy of the Dicotyledons.
About: This article is published in American Midland Naturalist.The article was published on 1950-11-01. It has received 2511 citations till now.
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TL;DR: Although some morphological variation was observed there was no anatomical variation in the wide range of specimens studied, from different areas of Turkey.
Abstract: Morphological and anatomical features of Cyclotrichium origanifolium (Labill.) Manden. & Scheng. (Labiatae) collected from various localities in Turkey are described and discussed. Anatomical studies include transverse sections of stems and leaves with illustrations. Although some morphological variation was observed there was no anatomical variation in the wide range of specimens studied, from different areas of Turkey.
16 citations
TL;DR: Higher number of aphids in eggplants in eggplant plantations of Guidoval than in Vicosa could be due to the absence of its possible Eulophidae parasitoid in the first municipality, and the spiders were significativelly correlated with this pest in both municipalities.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of total rainfall, mean temperature, natural enemies, chemical composition of leaves, levels of nitrogen and potassium on leaves and density of leaf trichomes on attack intensity of Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on plantations of the eggplant (Solanum melongena) in two regions of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Higher numbers of A. gossypii/leaf and T. palmi/leaf were observed in plantations of this eggplant in the Municipalities of Vicosa and Guidoval, respectively. Guidoval had a rainy and hotter weather than Vicosa. T. palmi was almost positivelly correlated with rainfall (r= 0.49, P= 0.0538) while A. gossypii seemed to be more affected by mean temperature (r= -0.31; P= 0.1134). Higher number of aphids in eggplants in Vicosa than in Guidoval could be explained by the higher number of natural enemies such as Adialytus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) and Exochomus bimaculosus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla spp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in this municipality. However, only Adialytus spp. was significativelly correlated with aphid populations. Higher number of T. palmi in eggplant plantations of Guidoval than in Vicosa could be due to the absence of its possible Eulophidae parasitoid in the first municipality. The spiders were significativelly correlated with this pest in both municipalities.
16 citations
TL;DR: The grey crusts discovered on the Heads of the Kings of Juda statues, which adorned the facade of Notre Dame in Paris from the 13th century until 1792, constitute a material record of the effects of this ancient air pollution.
16 citations
TL;DR: Leaves of fourteen species were collected from coastal shrub bogs; two, from coastal swamp forests; and eleven, from mesic forest habitats of the Appalachian mountain slopes, showing how the shrubbog species have arisen by geographical isolation from the Appalachians; by northern migration from the tropics; or by southern extension of boreal forms.
Abstract: 1. Leaf blades of twenty-seven woody species of North Carolina have been studied. Leaves of fourteen species were collected from coastal shrub bogs; two, from coastal swamp forests; and eleven, from mesic forest habitats of the Appalachian mountain slopes. The selection of species was based upon a list prepared by B. W. Wells, showing how the shrubbog species have arisen: by geographical isolation from the Appalachians; by northern migration from the tropics; or by southern extension of boreal forms. Thus, the mountain species chosen are those that have Carolina coastal affinities. Conclusions are based upon comparative descriptive and statistical data from the group analyses as well as from data of the eight individual species pairs. 2. The leaves from both the shrub-bog and the mountain mesic forest collections are elliptical or modified elliptical, but the shrub-bog leaves are more perfectly elliptical. 3. The shrub-bog leaves are thick and, for the most part, coriaceous, evergreen, and heavily cuticul...
16 citations
TL;DR: The phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Lecythidaceae and representatives of Scytopetalaceae were assessed using cladistic analysis of both molecular (rbcL and trnL sequences) and morphological data, and it was shown that the pantropical family Lecithidaceae is paraphyletic.
Abstract: The phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Lecythidaceae and representatives of Scytopetalaceae were assessed using cladistic analysis of both molecular (rbcL and trnL sequences) and morphological data. The results show that the pantropical family Lecythidaceae is paraphyletic. Support was found for the monophyly of three of the four subfamilies: Lecythidoideae, Planchonioideae, and Foetidioideae. The fourth subfamily, Napoleonaeoideae, was found to be paraphyletic, with members of the Scytopetalaceae being nested within it forming a strong clade with Asteranthos. Both families share a number of morphological features, including several distinct characters such as cortical bundles in the stem. The combined analysis produced three trees of 471 steps and consistency index CI = 0.71 and retention index RI = 0.70. Asteranthos and members of Scytopetalaceae should be treated as a subfamily of Lecythidaceae, while Napoleonaea and Crateranthus (the latter based solely on morphological features) should remain in the subfamily Napoleonaeoideae. The Lecythidaceae are recircumscribed, and Asteranthos and members of Scytopetalaceae are included in Scytopetaloideae. A formal taxonomic synopsis accommodating this new circumscription is presented.
16 citations