Anatomy of the Dicotyledons.

TL;DR: The clonal analysis indicates that cell divisions involved in the development of stomatal complexes are probably the last ones contributing to epidermal growth and development and the stereotyped pattern of cell divisions that culminates in the formation of stOMatal complexes indicates thatcell lineage plays a very important role during stomatic pattern establishment.

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42 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Interxylary phloem: Diversity and functions

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Sherwin Carlquist

09 Jul 2013-Brittonia

TL;DR: No single physiological phenomenon seems to explain all instances of interxylary phloem occurrence, but rapidity and volume of photosynthate transport seem implicated in most instances.

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Abstract: Interxylary phloem is here defined as strands or bands of phloem embedded within the secondary xylem of a stem or root of a plant that has a single vascular cambium. In this definition, interxylary phloem differs from intraxylary phloem, bicollateral bundles, pith bundles, and successive cambia. The inclusive but variously applied terms included phloem and internal phloem must be rejected. Histological aspects of interxylary phloem are reviewed and original data are presented. Topics covered include duration of interxylary phloem; relationship in abundance between sieve tubes in external phloem and interxylary phloem; distinctions between interxylary and intraxylary phloem; presence of parenchyma, fibers, and crystals in the interxylary phloem strands; development of cambia within interxylary phloem strands; three-dimensionalization and longevity of phloem, systematic distribution of interxylary phloem; physiological significance; and habital correlations. No single physiological phenomenon seems to explain all instances of interxylary phloem occurrence, but rapidity and volume of photosynthate transport seem implicated in most instances.

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42 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Typen des Mineralstoffwechsels bei den höheren Pflanzen

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O. Horak¹, H. Kinzel¹•Institutions (1)

University of Vienna¹

01 Aug 1971

TL;DR: In this paper, the Typen charakterisieren:==================¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯�

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Abstract: Bezuglich der Rolle des Calciums im Mineralstoffhaushalt hoherer Pflanzen liesen sich zunachst Typen charakterisieren: 1. Oxalattyp: Enthalt nahezu das gesamte Ca in unloslicher Form als Oxalat; fallt aufgenommenes Ca durch stetige Neuproduktion von Oxalat aus. 2. Calciotropher Typ: Speichert hohe Konzentrationen loslicher Calciumverbindungen, enthalt vielfach mehr gelostes Ca als K. 3. Kaliumtyp: Enthalt im Vergleich zu K nur masige Mengen gelostes Ca.

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41 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Androecial development and systematics in flacourtiaceae s. l.

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Alex Bernhard¹, Peter K. Endress¹•Institutions (1)

University of Zurich¹

01 Mar 1999-Plant Systematics and Evolution

TL;DR: The distribution of these developmental patterns coincides with the distribution of other characters and therefore supports a split of the family into Flacourtiaceae s.

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Abstract: Androecial development of 13 species belonging to six tribes ofFlacourtiaceae has been investigated. While inScolopieae andFlacourtieae the stamens develop centrifugally, inErythrospermeae, Oncobeae andPangieae they are initiated in a centripetal sequence or a sequence that is neither distinctly centripetal nor centrifugal. The distribution of these developmental patterns coincides with the distribution of other characters (e.g. cyanogenic compounds, salicoid leaf teeth) and therefore supports a split of the family intoFlacourtiaceae s. str. (containing theScolopieae, Homalieae, Prockieae, Flacourtieae, Casearieae andBembicieae) andKiggelariaceae (withErythrospermeae, Oncobeae andPangieae) and is in accordance with results of recentrbcL studies.

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41 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Specialized structures in the leaf epidermis of basal angiosperms: morphology, distribution, and homology

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Kevin J. Carpenter¹•Institutions (1)

Canadian Institute for Advanced Research¹

01 May 2006-American Journal of Botany

TL;DR: The morphology of specialized structures in the leaf epidermis of 32 species of basal angiosperms, representing all seven families and 11 of 14 genera, was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy.

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Abstract: The morphology of specialized structures in the leaf epidermis of 32 species of basal (ANITA: Amborella, Nymphaeales, Illiciales, Trimeniaceae, and Austrobaileyaceae) angiosperms, representing all seven families and 11 of 14 genera, was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Distribution, density, and size of structures were also measured, and character evolution was analyzed. Hydropotes are a synapomorphy of Nymphaeales and ethereal oil cells are a synapomorphy of Austrobaileyales, but uniseriate nonglandular trichomes appear to have arisen independently several times. Specialized structures are frequently characterized by adjacent epidermal cells that have striking similarities in their form and arrangement (i.e., architecture) to subsidiary cells of certain types of stomatal complexes. Additionally, forms intermediate to oil cells and stomata, to trichomes and stomata, and to hydropotes and oil cells are present in some taxa. Thus, all of these specialized structures and their adjacent epidermal cells form complexes that may be homologous with, and evolutionarily derived from stomatal complexes, and the specialized structure, or portion thereof, may be homologous to the stoma or guard mother cell. Improved knowledge of the morphology and evolution of these structures in the earliest branching extant angiosperm lineages has a bearing on many diverse areas of botany.

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41 citations

Cites background from "Anatomy of the Dicotyledons."

...…species of woody ANITA taxa including Amborella, some Schisandraceae (Saunders, 1998, 2000) and some Trimeniaceae (Results, Results by taxon, and Metcalfe, 1987), as well as in early angiosperm fossil cuticles (Upchurch, 1984) may suggest that the presence of structural genes for such trichomes…...
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...…above ANITA according to Doyle and Endress, 2000) are mentioned as having oil cells in the leaf mesophyll and other tissues (e.g., Swamy, 1953; Metcalfe, 1987; Eklund et al., 2004), none of these studies, nor a recent study of the leaf epidermis in this family (Kong, 2001), mention or…...
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...In Trimeniaceae, the specimen of Trimenia weinmanniaefolia that I examined had trichomes, but Metcalfe (1987) mentioned that some other species lack these; hence I placed T. weinmanniaefolia as sister to a clade of glabrous Trimeniaceae to depict this visually, although this had the same effect as…...
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...…not unusual in ‘‘primitive’’ angiosperms and have been noted in a number of families in Magnoliales (e.g., Magnoliaceae, Annonaceae), Laurales (e.g., Lauraceae, Hernandiaceae) and basal eudicots (e.g., Ranunculaceae, Menispermaceae) (see Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950; Baranova, 1972; Metcalfe, 1987)....
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...Metcalfe (1987) mentioned that members of the family are glabrous, but Eklund et al. (2004) noted hairs in scattered species of the family....
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Anatomy of the Dicotyledons.

Citations

Cites background from "Anatomy of the Dicotyledons."

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