Anatomy of the Dicotyledons.
About: This article is published in American Midland Naturalist.The article was published on 1950-11-01. It has received 2511 citations till now.
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TL;DR: All essential oils showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli depending on their concentration.
Abstract: In this study the glandular hair morphology, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from three Ocimum species have been investigated (Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese, O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum). The indumentum shows little variation among the investigated species with both glandular and non-glandular hairs presents. Glandular hairs on the three species are peltate and capitate (with various cell numbers in the stalk and gland). The samples of essential oils obtained from the plant aerial organs by hydrodistillation have been analyzed by GC-MS. Linalool (65.38%, 74.22%, 38.60%), eugenol (5.26%, 3.47%, 10.20%) and tau-cadinol (8.18%, 3.47%, 10.20%) appear as the main components in Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese, O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum. The oils also contain lower levels of α-bergamotene, 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, β-ocimene, α-caryophyllene, camphor, and α-guaiene. All essential oils showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli depending on their concentration. Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese oil produced the strongest antibacterial effect on S. aureus and E. coli.
36 citations
TL;DR: Results supported the conclusion that the genus Pseudopanax is polyphyletic and emerged in two major monophyletic groups.
Abstract: Sequence data from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA and data from morphology, cytology and wood anatomy are used to study phylogenetic relationships inPseudopanax. The molecular and non-molecular data are analysed as independent data sets and in combination using parsimony. Results supported the conclusion that the genusPseudopanax is polyphyletic.Pseudopanax species emerge in two major monophyletic groups. The Anomalus group containsPseudopanax anomalus, P. edgerleyi, andP. simplex; these species share a common ancestor withCheirodendron trigynum and more distantly withPseudopanax gunnii. The second major group consists of two smaller groups: the Arboreus group, includingPseudopanax arboreus, P. colensoi, P. kermadecensis, P. laetus, andP. macintyrei, and the Crassifolius/Discolor group, includingP. chathamicus, P. crassifolius, P. discolor, P. ferox, P. gilliesii, P. lessonii, andP. linearis. Meryta species are close relatives of thePseudopanax Arboreus and Crassifolius/Discolor groups.
36 citations
TL;DR: Some leaf anatomical characteristics of Xylopia brasiliensis Sprengel are described and quantitatively evaluates them in function of environmental, seasonal and plant height differences.
Abstract: Leaf anatomy of Xylopia is still poorly explored. The species Xylopia brasiliensis Sprengel, commonly known as pindaiba occurs in primary forest and in modified vegetation in a wide range of environmental conditions. The present study describes some leaf anatomical characteristics of this species and quantitatively evaluates them in function of environmental, seasonal and plant height differences. This species has anatomical plasticity.
36 citations
TL;DR: Observed crystals in 16 species of poisonous plants growing naturally in Saudi Arabia indicate that there is no apparent relationship between the distribution of calcium oxalate crystals and the toxic organs of the plants, and supports the view that the presence of calcium oxide crystals may not be related to plant toxicity.
Abstract: Crystals in 16 species of poisonous plants growing naturally in Saudi Arabia were studied with light microscopy. Three types of crystals were observed: druses, prismatics, and crystal sand. Raphides and styloids were not observed in any of the species studied. Druses occur more frequently in the leaf midrib and in the cortex and pith of the stem. In contrast, crystal sand and prismatic crystals are rare and occur in the leaf, intercostal lamina, and in the vascular tissues. The preliminary results show the absence of the three types of calcium oxalate crystals in the stem and leaf of seven species: Ammi majus L., Anagallis arvensis L., Calotropis procera Ait., Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schard, Euphorbiapeplis L., Hyoscyamus muticus L., and Solanum nigrum L., and the presence of druses, prismatic crystals, and crystal sand either in the leaf and stem or in the leaves or stems of nine species: Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq. in DC., Chenopodium album L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Datura stramonium L., Nerium oleander L., Ricinus communis L., Rumex nervosus Vahl., Pergularia tomentosa L., and Withania somnifera (L.) Dun. in DC. These observations indicate that there is no apparent relationship between the distribution of calcium oxalate crystals and the toxic organs of the plants, and supports the view that the presence of calcium oxalate crystals may not be related to plant toxicity.
36 citations
TL;DR: The structure of glandular hairs and secretory canals and the essential oil of Artemisia marschaliana growing in Iran were studied in this paper, where the leaves of this plant had glandular hair and the other kind of secretory tissues are canals which are seen in the stems and leaves and act in the conduction of volatile oils.
Abstract: The structure of the glandular hairs and secretory canals and the essential oil of the aerial parts of Artemisia marschaliana growing in Iran were studied The leaves of this plant had glandular hairs and the other kind of secretory tissues are canals which are seen in the stems and leaves and act in the conduction of volatile oils The volatile constituents, isolated by hydrodistillation, were analysed by GC–MS The oil was found to contain 20 components The oil sample consisted mainly of sesquiterpene (627%), germacrene-D (237%), bicyclogermacrene (149%) and spathulenol (99%) as the main components Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
36 citations