Anatomy of the Dicotyledons.

TL;DR: The lack of selective pressure for high conductive efficiency during early diversification of Viburnum and the potentially adaptive value of scalariform perforations in frost-prone cold temperate climates have led to retention of the ancestral vessel perforation type.

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34 citations

Cites background from "Anatomy of the Dicotyledons."

...…transitions within the large asterid clade (angiosperms), and selected the Adoxaceae genera Viburnum ( 165 species) and Sambucus ( 28 species) – two closely related taxa with strikingly different wood anatomy (Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950; Schweingruber, 1990) – as a case study in asterids....
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...Key Results Viburnum, characterized by scalariform vessel perforations (ancestral), diversified earlier than Sambucus, having simple perforations (derived)....
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...…in the literature, and most wood anatomical studies include only a limited number of species from a restricted geographical area (e.g. Moll and Janssonius, 1920; Kanehira, 1921; Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950; Ogata, 1988; Schweingruber, 1990; Benkova and Schweingruber, 2004; InsideWood, 2004 onwards)....
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...…but a whole range of additional anatomical patterns co-evolved with the scalariform-to-simple transition in perforation plates (cf. Frost, 1931; Kribs, 1935, 1937; Metcalfe and Chalk, 1950; see Table 1 for a list of anatomical characters that co-evolved with perforation plate morphology)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Nothofagus plicata (Nothofagaceae), a new deciduous Eocene macrofossil species, from southern continental Australia

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Leonie J. Scriven¹, Stephen McLoughlin², Robert S. Hill¹•Institutions (2)

University of Tasmania¹, University of Melbourne²

01 Jun 1995-Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

TL;DR: This provides the first macrofossil evidence for deciduous elements on mainland Australia in the Eocene, as well as the previously missing macrof fossil evidence for Nothofagus forests which palynologists have suggested existed in this region at that time.

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34 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Unravelling roots of lianas: a case study in Sapindaceae.

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Carolina Lopes Bastos¹, Neusa Tamaio, Veronica Angyalossy¹•Institutions (1)

University of São Paulo¹

01 Oct 2016-Annals of Botany

TL;DR: Roots of liana roots were shown to be strongly shaped by the lianescent habit in Paullinieae, exhibiting traits of the lanescent vascular syndrome in terms of both wood and overall anatomy.

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34 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Vegetative Anatomy of the New Caledonian Endemic Amborella trichopoda: Relationships with the Illiciales and Implications for Vessel Origin

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Sherwin Carlquist¹, Edward L. Schneider•Institutions (1)

Santa Barbara Botanic Garden¹

01 Jul 2001-Pacific Science

TL;DR: Whether tracheids of Amborella are transitional to vessels in any respect is shown, and, by inference, whether the nature of tracheidlike characteristics in Amborellaceae becomes worthy of consideration.

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Abstract: Light microscopy was used to study leaf hypodermis, vein sclerenchyma, stomatal subsidiary cell types, and stem and root xylem in liquid-preserved material of Amborella trichopoda; oblique borders on tracheid pits, scalariform end walls on tracheids, and porosities in end-wall pit membranes were studied with scanning electron microscopy. Amborella shares stomatal configurations, nodal type (in part), ray types, and porose pit membranes in tracheary elements with llliciaies s.l., but differs from that order in lacking oil cells, vessels, and grouped axial parenchyma cells. These data are consistent with a basal position in angiosperms for Amborella, and for a close relationship with, but not inclusion in, llliciales; inclusion in a monofamilial order is conceivable. Both loss of pit membranes or pit membrane portions on end walls and increase in cell diameter are requisites for origin of vessels. Sarcandra and Illiciaceae show these early stages in origin of vessels; Amborella shows development of porosities in pit membranes. Vessel presence or absence may not be strictly bipolar, because some primitive vessel elements exhibit at least some tracheidlike characteristics and are thus transitional, and because changes in at least two characters define vessel origin. . THE SINGLE SPECIES OF Amborellaceae (Amborella trichopoda Baill., New Caledonia) is claimed to be the sister group to the remainder of angiosperms according to recent studies (Mathews and Donoghue 1999, Parkinson et al. 1999, Qiu et al. 1999, Soltis et al. 1999). These studies each analyzed more than a single gene site, and this expanded data base as well as the similarity of the cladistic results yielded by these studies have commanded attention by phylogenists. Branching from the cladogram just above Amborella are Nymphaeales (excluding Nelumbonaceae), and then an expanded llliciaies (llliciaceae, Schisandraceae, Austrobaileyaceae, Trimeniaceae). This treatment was foreshadowed by the results of the Angiosperm Phylogeny 1 Manuscript accepted 17 November 2000. 2 Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, 1212 Mission Canyon Road, Santa Barbara, California 93105. Pacific Science (2001), vol. 55, no. 3:305-312 © 200 I by University of Hawai'i Press All rights reserved Group (1998), who placed a similar roster of families in an unnamed grouping cited first (and thus basal) in their ordering of angiosperms. The phylogenetic significance of anatomical features of Amborella potentially becomes very considerable. In terms of vegetative anatomy, Amborella had already attracted attention because of the vesselless nature of its wood (Tieghem 1900, Bailey and Swamy 1948, Bailey 1957). Bailey regarded vessellessness as a primitive feature in woody dicotyledons, whereas recent cladists, beginning with Young (1981), regarded vessellessness as a derived condition in woody dicotyledons (for a discussion, see Baas and Wheeler 1996). The more recent cladistic work, cited above, by placing Amborella in a basal position in angiosperms, reopens the possibility that vessellessness is a primitive feature. If this possibility is valid, the nature of tracheids in Amborella becomes worthy of consideration. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we are attempting to show whether tracheids of Amborella are transitional to vessels in any respect, and, by inference, whether

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33 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A toothed Lauraceae leaf from the early Eocene of Tasmania, Australia

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Raymond J. Carpenter, Gregory J. Jordan, Robert S. Hill

01 Oct 2007-International Journal of Plant Sciences

TL;DR: The teeth in B. aestuaria are not monimioid, and it is most parsimonious to infer that the teeth were derived independently within Lauraceae, possibly in response to the physiological demands of a warm, waterlogged, high‐latitude “greenhouse” environment.

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Abstract: Bandulskaia aestuaria gen. et sp. nov. is described from Early Eocene estuarine sediments in Tasmania. It is represented by an incomplete leaf with a finely toothed margin and well‐preserved cuticle. Despite the absence of such teeth in more than 2500 known species of fossil and extant Lauraceae, the fossil cuticle exhibits traits that in combination are found only in the family. These include the derived characters of sunken, paracytic stomata with small, apparently embedded guard cells, stomata confined to small areoles, and stomatal positions that are marked by slitlike abaxial surface apertures, as well as the presence of persistent resin bodies and simple, uniseriate trichomes with thickened, poral bases. Although monimioid teeth occur widely in other lauralean families, the teeth in B. aestuaria are not monimioid, and it is most parsimonious to infer that the teeth were derived independently within Lauraceae, possibly in response to the physiological demands of a warm, waterlogged, high‐latitude “gr...

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33 citations

Cites background from "Anatomy of the Dicotyledons."

...This type of trichome occurs widely in at least other Laurales (Metcalfe 1987; table 1), suggesting that it is another plesiomorphic trait in Lauraceae....
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...Metcalfe (1987) described the stomata of Myristicaceae as paracytic, with guard cells more or less embedded in the subsidiary cells....
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...This character is associated with the synapomorphy for Lauraceae (excluding Hypodaphnis) of embedded guard cells and has not been observed elsewhere in Laurales (see also Metcalfe 1987)....
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...Oil cells in the mesophyll are also recorded throughout other Laurales and other basal angiosperms, excluding Amborella (Metcalfe 1987; Doyle and Endress 2000)....
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Anatomy of the Dicotyledons.

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Cites background from "Anatomy of the Dicotyledons."

Cites background from "Anatomy of the Dicotyledons."

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