Antecedents for Entrepreneurial Propensity in Singapore
TL;DR: The authors examined the extent to which levels of entrepreneurial activities in Singapore can be explained by perceptual variables such as self-efficacy, alertness to opportunities, knowing other entrepreneurs, and fear of failure.
Abstract: While the existing entrepreneurship literature has identified various antecedents that influence the propensity of individuals becoming entrepreneurs, the extant empirical literature is mostly based on evidence drawn from OECD countries. There has been relatively little empirical literature on the antecedents for entrepreneurial propensity in Singapore, whose government has introduced a wide spectrum of entrepreneurial assistant schemes, and has placed entrepreneurship high on its national agenda. This paper attempts to highlight the influence of perceptual variables on entrepreneurial propensity in Singapore. Our focus on perceptual variables such as self-efficacy, alertness to opportunities, knowing other entrepreneurs, and fear of failure is timely given the government's recent call for a shift in Singaporean's attitudes and mindsets towards a more entrepreneurial stance. Using pooled data from over 9,000 respondents covered in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2001-2004 Singapore adult population surveys; this paper examined the extent to which levels of entrepreneurial activities in Singapore can be explained by perceptual variables such as self-efficacy, alertness to opportunities, knowing other entrepreneurs, and fear of failure. We also tested for possible differences in the variables effects on opportunity vs. necessity entrepreneurial propensities as well as distinguished "high employment potential" entrepreneurial propensity from general entrepreneurial propensity.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles, but full text can be found on the Internet Archive.
Abstract: This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
308 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the inclination towards entrepreneurship among university students in the northern region of the Peninsular Malaysia was investigated and the influence of demographic characteristics and family business background on university students' inclination toward entrepreneurship was examined.
Abstract: This study investigates the inclination towards entrepreneurship among university students in the northern region of the Peninsular Malaysia. Specifically, it aims to examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education and inclination towards entrepreneurship. The influence of demographic characteristics and family business background on university students’ inclination towards entrepreneurship is also being examined.An empirical test carried out on the data gathered from questionnaires demonstrates that two entrepreneurship education variables are found to have statistically significant relationship on the inclination towards entrepreneurship. At the meantime, two demographic variables and a family business background variable have an effect on university students’ inclination towards entrepreneurship.Finally, based on the findings, the implications of the study have been forwarded.
292 citations
Cites background from "Antecedents for Entrepreneurial Pro..."
...Despite the exponential growing research interest in the area of entrepreneurship education (see Wang and Wong 2004; Wong and Lena 2005; Menzies and Tatroff 2006), as far as the researchers are aware, very little research has been specifically investigated the relationship between entrepreneurship…...
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...Given the importance of role models, the role of educators and friends of university students are examined as to how they might influence students’ inclination towards entrepreneurship (Peterman and Kennedy 2003; Wong and Lena 2005)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess how personality traits, training and entrepreneurial education, social recognition, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude influence entrepreneurial intention to create a better business environment.
Abstract: This article aims to assess how personality traits, training and entrepreneurial education, social recognition, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude influence entrepreneurial intention to cre...
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the influence of three important factors, viz (a) endogenous barriers, (b) exogenous environment, and (c) university environment and support on the entrepreneurial intention among management students.
Abstract: Although literature on entrepreneurship has increasingly focused on intention-based models, not much emphasis has been laid on understanding the combined effect of contextual and situational factors along with support of university environment on the formation of entrepreneurial intention among students In an effort to make up for this shortfall, by taking Theory of Planned Behavior as basic framework, the present study seeks to understand the influence of three of the most important factors, viz (a) endogenous barriers, (b) exogenous environment, and (c) university environment and support on the entrepreneurial intention among management students The study sample consisted of 1,097 students, wherein 526 students were from India, 252 from Singapore, and 319 were from Malaysia The results indicates that along with positive attitude and perceived behavioral control that directly influences entrepreneurial intention, university environment and support and exogenous environment also have an indirect but significant impact on shaping of entrepreneurial intention among students With this, it was found that exogenous environment was found to have a negative relationship with both attitude towards behavior and perceived behavioral control for all three countries
53 citations
10 Aug 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors employed the sequential logistic regression model to predict the likelihood of involvement in entrepreneurial activity in China and Pakistan, and found that Chinese are not significantly influenced by their fear of failure to engage in entrepreneurship activity.
Abstract: Purpose – This study aims to compare the entrepreneurial activity in China and Pakistan based on these factors: fear of failure, perceived capabilities, perceived opportunities, and knowledge of other entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the data from global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM). In this study, the authors use the cross-sectional data for survey year 2010, both for China and Pakistan. The authors employed the sequential logistic regression model in order to predict the likelihood of involvement in entrepreneurial activity. Findings – Chinese are not significantly influenced by their fear of failure to engage in entrepreneurial activity. Gender is also not a significant predictor of entrepreneurial activity in China. In Pakistan, perception of opportunities does not significantly predict whether to involve in entrepreneurial activity or not, while other factors do. Gender is a significant predictor of entrepreneurial activity in Pakistan. Originality/value – Previously lit...
42 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw upon previous research conducted in the different social science disciplines and applied fields of business to create a conceptual framework for the field of entrepreneurship, and predict a set of outcomes not explained or predicted by conceptual frameworks already in existence in other fields.
Abstract: To date, the phenomenon of entrepreneurship has lacked a conceptual framework. In this note we draw upon previous research conducted in the different social science disciplines and applied fields of business to create a conceptual framework for the field. With this framework we explain a set of empirical phenomena and predict a set of outcomes not explained or predicted by conceptual frameworks already in existence in other fields.
11,161 citations
"Antecedents for Entrepreneurial Pro..." refers background in this paper
...There is a growing consensus among entrepreneurship scholars that perception of opportunities is a critical part of the entrepreneurship process (Bhave, 1994; Shane and Venkataraman, 2000; Stevenson et al., 1985; Timmons, 1999)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive theory of human motivation and action from a social cognitive perspective, and address the prominent roles played by cognitive vicarious self regulatory and self reflective processes in psychosocial functioning emphasizing reciprocal causation through the interplay of cognitive behavioral and environmental factors.
Abstract: bandura a 1986 social foundation of thought and, presents a comprehensive theory of human motivation and action from a social cognitive perspective this insightful text addresses the prominent roles played by cognitive vicarious self regulatory and self reflective processes in psychosocial functioning emphasizes reciprocal causation through the interplay of cognitive behavioral and environmental factors and systematically applies the, presents a comprehensive theory of human motivation and action from a social cognitive perspective this insightful text addresses the prominent roles played by cognitive vicarious self regulatory and self reflective processes in psychosocial functioning emphasizes reciprocal causation through the interplay of cognitive behavioral and environmental factors and systematically applies the,
9,060 citations
"Antecedents for Entrepreneurial Pro..." refers background in this paper
...Self-efficacy is conceived by Bandura (1986) as one’s judgment of ability to execute an action, and is therefore a largely perceived construct....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare two intention-based models in terms of their ability to predict entrepreneurial intentions: Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB) and Shapero's model of the entrepreneurial event (SEE).
4,632 citations
"Antecedents for Entrepreneurial Pro..." refers background in this paper
...…intention causes action, and therefore, intentions must precede actions (Krueger and Carsrud, 1993; Chandrashekaran et al., 2000; Krueger, 2000; Krueger et al., 2000), it would be desirable for future research to replicate our findings using constructs that measure actual growth achievement…...
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...Krueger and Dickson (1994) postulated that high levels of self-efficacy are associated with strategic risk taking while Krueger et al. (2000) argued that self-efficacy is a critical antecedent of entrepreneurial intent....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that opportunity discovery is a function of the distribution of information in society, and they show that entrepreneurs discover opportunities related to the information that they already possess.
Abstract: Before technological change leads to new processes, products, markets, or ways of organizing, entrepreneurs must discover opportunities in which to exploit the new technology. To date, research has not explained adequately why entrepreneurs discover these opportunities, which creates several conceptual problems in the entrepreneurship literature. Drawing on Austrian economics, I argue that opportunity discovery is a function of the distribution of information in society (Hayek 1945). Through in-depth case studies of eight sets of entrepreneurs who exploit a single MIT invention, I show that entrepreneurs discover opportunities related to the information that they already possess. I use these findings to draw several implications that differ from those prevailing in the entrepreneurship literature, including: (1) entrepreneurs do not always select between alternative market opportunities for new technologies; (2) the source of entrepreneurship lies in differences in information about opportunities; (3) the results of prior studies of entrepreneurial exploitation may suffer from bias; and (4) individual differences influence the opportunities that people discover, how their entrepreneurial efforts are organized, and how the government can influence this process.
4,281 citations
"Antecedents for Entrepreneurial Pro..." refers background in this paper
...One of the factors that influence opportunity perception is prior knowledge (Shane, 1999)....
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Book Chapter•
01 May 2003TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the developmental process of nascent entrepreneurs for 18 months and found that bridging and bonding social capital, consisting of both strong and weak ties, was a robust predictor for nascent entrepreneurs and advancing through the start-up process.
Abstract: This study examines nascent entrepreneurship by comparing individuals engaged in nascent activities (n=380) with a control group (n=608), after screening a sample from the general population (n=30,427). The study then follows the developmental process of nascent entrepreneurs for 18 months. Bridging and bonding social capital, consisting of both strong and weak ties, was a robust predictor for nascent entrepreneurs, as well as for advancing through the start-up process. With regard to outcomes like first sale or showing a profit, only one aspect of social capital, viz. being a member of a business network, had a statistically significant positive effect. The study supports human capital in predicting entry into nascent entrepreneurship, but only weakly for carrying the start-up process towards successful completion.
3,414 citations
"Antecedents for Entrepreneurial Pro..." refers background in this paper
...Indeed, personal connections are found to facilitate the exploitation of business opportunities (Davidsson and Honig, 2003; Steier, 2000), the formation of start-ups (Walker et al. 1997), and access to initial financing for new ventures (Shane, 2002)....
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...Indeed, personal connections are found to facilitate the exploitation of business opportunities (Davidsson and Honig, 2003; Steier, 2000), the...
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