Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing
Citations
4,192 citations
1,758 citations
Cites background from "Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative..."
...Forcing is reported as global average radiative forcing, not effective radiative forcing (Myhre et al., 2013)....
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1,135 citations
Cites background or methods from "Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative..."
...Using a 100-year time horizon and based on global warming potentials of 34 for CH4 and 298 for N2O (Myhre et al., 2013), this translates to 8.1 Pg CO2 equivalent annually, or 23 % of global fossil fuel CO2 emissions in 2014 (Boden et al., 2017; Le Queré et al., 2015)....
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...Fires emit the greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and N2O and also modify the climate by emitting precursors of aerosols and ozone, aerosols, and changing surface properties such as albedo in often complex ways (Randerson et al., 2006; Ward et al., 2012)....
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...Using a 100-year time horizon and based on global warming potentials of 34 for CH4 and 298 for N2O (Myhre et al., 2013), this translates to 8....
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...Average total annual greenhouse gas emissions according to GFED4s were 7.3 Pg CO2, 16 Tg CH4, and 0.9 Tg N2O....
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...According to GFED4s, total annual tropical savanna fire emissions averaged 4.9 Pg CO2, 6 Tg CH4, and 0.6 Tg N2O....
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964 citations
Cites background from "Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative..."
...As shown in 15 Chapter 8 of WGI (Myhre and Shindell, 2013) and elsewhere (Plattner et al., 2009; Fuglestvedt et al., 16 2010), the climate impacts can be quantified at different points along a cause-effect chain, from 17 emissions to changes in temperature and sea level rise....
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877 citations
References
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"Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative..." refers background in this paper
...The agreement between LBL codes has been investigated in many studies and found to generally be within a few percent (e.g., Collins et al., 2006; Iacono et al., 2008; Forster et al., 2011a) and to compare well to observed radiative fluxes under controlled situations (Oreopoulos et al....
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...Most intercomparison studies of the RF of GHGs are for clear-sky and aerosol-free conditions; the introduction of clouds would greatly complicate the targets of research and are usually omitted in the intercomparison exercises of GCM radiation codes and LBL codes (e.g., Collins et al., 2006; Iacono et al., 2008)....
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3,324 citations