Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
TL;DR: In this paper, an aqueous extract of raw ginger was administered daily (500 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for a period of 7 weeks to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Abstract: In the present study, the hypoglycaemic potentials of ginger (Zingiber officinale) were studied in rats. An aqueous extract of raw ginger was administered daily (500 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for a period of 7 weeks to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood serum was analysed for blood glucose, cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. The STZ-injected rats exhibited hyperglycaemia accompanied with weight loss, indicating their diabetic condition. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, raw ginger was significantly effective in lowering serum glucose, cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in the ginger-treated diabetic rats compared with the control diabetic rats. The ginger treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in urine protein levels. In addition, the ginger-treated diabetic rats sustained their initial weights during the treatment period. Moreover, ginger decreased both water intake and urine output in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. The present results indicate that raw ginger possesses hypoglycaemic, hypocholesterolaemic and hypolipidaemic potential. Additionally, raw ginger is effective in reversing the diabetic proteinuria observed in the diabetic rats. Thus, ginger may be of great value in managing the effects of diabetic complications in human subjects.
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TL;DR: Ginger is a strong anti-oxidant substance and may either mitigate or prevent generation of free radicals, and is considered a safe herbal medicine with only few and insignificant adverse/side effects.
1,300 citations
Cites background from "Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic pr..."
...Recently, Al-Amin et al. (2006) studied the hypoglycemic potentials of ginger in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats given an aqueous extract of raw ginger daily (500 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for a period of 7 weeks....
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TL;DR: Evidence from animals and humans supports the therapeutic activities of ginseng, berberine and bitter melon, but multi-center large-scale clinical trials have not been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these herbal medicines.
Abstract: In management of metabolic syndrome, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an excellent representative in alternative and complementary medicines with a complete theory system and substantial herb remedies. In this article, basic principle of TCM is introduced and 22 traditional Chinese herbs are reviewed for their potential activities in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Three herbs, ginseng, rhizoma coptidis (berberine, the major active compound) and bitter melon, were discussed in detail on their therapeutic potentials. Ginseng extracts made from root, rootlet, berry and leaf of Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) and Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng), are proved for anti-hyperglycemia, insulin sensitization, islet protection, anti-obesity and anti-oxidation in many model systems. Energy expenditure is enhanced by ginseng through thermogenesis. Ginseng-specific saponins (ginsenosides) are considered as the major bioactive compounds for the metabolic activities of ginseng. Berberine from rhizoma coptidis is an oral hypoglycemic agent. It also has anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemia activities. The action mechanism is related to inhibition of mitochondrial function, stimulation of glycolysis, activation of AMPK pathway, suppression of adipogenesis and induction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression. Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is able to reduce blood glucose and lipids in both normal and diabetic animals. It may also protect β cells, enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce oxidative stress. Although evidence from animals and humans consistently supports the therapeutic activities of ginseng, berberine and bitter melon, multi-center large-scale clinical trials have not been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these herbal medicines.
351 citations
TL;DR: Ayurveda, a science of long life, almost 6,000 years old, can serve as a "goldmine" for novel anti-inflammatory agents used for centuries to treat chronic diseases, and description of various Ayurvedic plants currently used for treatment, their active chemical components, and the inflammatory pathways that they inhibit are provided.
Abstract: Inflammation, although first characterized by Cornelius Celsus, a physician in first Century Rome, it was Rudolf Virchow, a German physician in nineteenth century who suggested a link between inflammation and cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, pulmonary diseases, neurological diseases and other chronic diseases. Extensive research within last three decades has confirmed these observations and identified the molecular basis for most chronic diseases and for the associated inflammation. The transcription factor, Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) that controls over 500 different gene products, has emerged as major mediator of inflammation. Thus agents that can inhibit NF-kappaB and diminish chronic inflammation have potential to prevent or delay the onset of the chronic diseases and further even treat them. In an attempt to identify novel anti-inflammatory agents which are safe and effective, in contrast to high throughput screen, we have turned to "reverse pharmacology" or "bed to benchside" approach. We found that Ayurveda, a science of long life, almost 6,000 years old, can serve as a "goldmine" for novel anti-inflammatory agents used for centuries to treat chronic diseases. The current review is an attempt to provide description of various Ayurvedic plants currently used for treatment, their active chemical components, and the inflammatory pathways that they inhibit.
333 citations
TL;DR: Ginger improved insulin sensitivity and some fractions of lipid profile, and reduced CRP and PGE2 in type 2 diabetic patients, and can be considered as an effective treatment for prevention of diabetes complications.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the effect of ginger consumption on glycemic status, lipid profile and some inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In a double-blinded, placeb...
173 citations
Cites background or result from "Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic pr..."
...Our finding on the effectiveness of ginger in decreasing serum TG is consistent with the findings of several animal studies (Al-Amin et al., 2006; Bhandari et al., 2005; ElRokh et al., 2010; Goyal & Kadnur, 2006; Nammi et al., 2009; Sharma et al., 1991; Shirdel et al., 2009)....
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...This effect also was observed by Alizadeh et al. (2008) and some animal studies (Al-Amin et al., 2006; Bhandari et al., 2005; ElRokh et al., 2010; Goyal & Kadnur, 2006; Nammi et al., 2009; Sharma et al., 1991)....
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...It seems that ginger decreases blood glucose by antagonistic activity against serotonin receptors and its blockage (Al-Amin et al., 2006; Goyal & Kadnur, 2006)....
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...against serotonin receptors and its blockage (Al-Amin et al., 2006; Goyal & Kadnur, 2006)....
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TL;DR: The present treatise reviews all the experimentally validated health benefits of this spice, to make a claim on its nutraceutical application.
166 citations
References
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TL;DR: This assay is very reproducible and rapid with the dye binding process virtually complete in approximately 2 min with good color stability for 1 hr with little or no interference from cations such as sodium or potassium nor from carbohydrates such as sucrose.
225,085 citations
"Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic pr..." refers methods in this paper
...Urine protein was determined by the Coomassie Blue dye-binding method of Bradford (1976)....
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TL;DR: Elevated levels of microalbuminuria strongly predict the development of clinical diabetic nephropathy, and these levels of AER are potentially reversible, and their detection and treatment may prevent diabetic renal disease.
1,665 citations
"Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic pr..." refers background in this paper
...Since urinary albumin levels are a selective marker of glomerular injury and elevated levels of urinary albumin are a harbinger of progressive nephropathy (Viberti et al. 1982), future studies should focus on the effects of ginger administration on urinary albumin levels....
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TL;DR: Retinopathy is so characteristic of diabetes that its presence has been incorporated into the nosologic definition of NIDDM, while lower levels of hyperglycemia that are of sufficient magnitude to be associated with retinopathy are classified as NID DM.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolic dysregulation, most notably abnormal glucose metabolism, accompanied by characteristic long-term complications. The complications that are specific to diabetes include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Patients with all forms of diabetes of sufficient duration, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), are vulnerable to these complications, which cause serious morbidity (Table 1 and Table 2). Retinopathy is so characteristic of diabetes that its presence has been incorporated into the nosologic definition of NIDDM. Only hyperglycemia of sufficient magnitude to be associated with retinopathy is classified as NIDDM, while lower levels of hyperglycemia that are . . .
1,254 citations
TL;DR: Traditional treatments for diabetes mellitus may provide valuable clues for the development of new oral hypoglycemic agents and simple dietary adjuncts.
Abstract: More than 400 traditional plant treatments for diabetes mellitus have been recorded, but only a small number of these have received scientific and medical evaluation to assess their efficacy. Traditional treatments have mostly disappeared in occidental societies, but some are prescribed by practitioners of alternative medicine or taken by patients as supplements to conventional therapy. However, plant remedies are the mainstay of treatment in underdeveloped regions. A hypoglycemic action from some treatments has been confirmed in animal models and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and various hypoglycemic compounds have been identified. A botanical substitute for insulin seems unlikely, but traditional treatments may provide valuable clues for the development of new oral hypoglycemic agents and simple dietary adjuncts.
906 citations
"Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic pr..." refers background in this paper
...Currently, several hundred plants have been reported to have beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes (Bailey & Day, 1989; Swanston-Flatt et al. 1991; Gray & Flatt, 1997, 1999; Hill & Peters, 2002; Kar et al. 2003; Srinvasan, 2005)....
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