Anti-T2 Monoclonal Antibody Immobilization On Quartz Fibers: Stability and Recognition of T2 Mycotoxin
TL;DR: The first two non-silanizing coupling methods are simple, inexpensive and non-hazardous compared to the third, more complex method in which an initial Correspondance: to PVS.
Abstract: Several methods for immobilizing anti-T2 mycotoxin monoclonal antibodies on quartz fibers, for use in optical sensor development, have been evaluated with respect to the surface density and stability of the immobilized proteins. the first method activates matrix hydroxyl groups using p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TSC). the second method activates these groups using p-nitrophenyl chloroformate (NPCF). the third method requires an initial silanization using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by carrier activation with glutaraldehyde. the activated carrier in all three methods is then reacted with the amino groups of the protein. the first two non-silanizing coupling methods are simple, inexpensive and non-hazardous compared to the third, more complex method in which an initial Correspondance: to PVS
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TL;DR: In this review, the focus is on the occurrence of various types of mycotoxins in food and feed associated with risks to humans and livestock, as well as legislation put forth by various authorities, and on presently practiced detoxification methods.
Abstract: Disease outbreaks due to the consumption of contaminated food and feedstuff are a recurring problem worldwide. The major factor contributing to contamination are microorganisms, especially fungi, which produce low-molecular-weight compounds as secondary metabolites, with confirmed toxic properties referred to as mycotoxins. Several mycotoxins reported to date are cosmopolitan in distribution and incur severe health-associated risks (including cancer and neurological disorders). Hence, creating awareness among consumers, as well as developing new methods for detection and inactivation is of great importance for food safety. In this review, the focus is on the occurrence of various types of mycotoxins in food and feed associated with risks to humans and livestock, as well as legislation put forth by various authorities, and on presently practiced detoxification methods. Brief descriptions on recent developments in mycotoxin detection methodology are also inlcuded. This review is meant to be informative not only for health-conscious consumers but also for experts in the field to pave the way for future research to fill the existing gaps in our knowledge with regard to mycotoxins and food safety.
528 citations
TL;DR: 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-Functionalized Bioanalytical Platforms for Biosensors and Diagnostics
Abstract: 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-Functionalized Bioanalytical Platforms for Biosensors and Diagnostics Sandeep Kumar Vashist,*,†,‡ Edmond Lam, Sabahudin Hrapovic, Keith B. Male, and John H. T. Luong †HSG-IMIT Institut für Mikround Informationstechnik, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany ‡Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Department of Chemistry and Analytical, Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
250 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a silica gel has been modified with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane under varying conditions, controlling the influence of water in the different modification stages.
Abstract: Silica gel has been modified with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane under varying conditions, controlling the influence of water in the different modification stages. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectra revealed the influence of surface water in the reaction stage and of air humidity in the curing stage. These results were confirmed and refined by 29Si and 13C cross-polarisation magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMASNMR) spectroscopy. Combining the results of both techniques, four modification structures present on the silica surface are proposed, depending on the conditions used.
107 citations
Patent•
07 Mar 2002
TL;DR: In this article, a system for positioning and/or analyzing samples such as cells, vesicles, cellular organelles, and fragments, derivatives, and mixtures thereof for electrical and optical analysis, especially relating to the presence and activity of ion channels is presented.
Abstract: Systems for positioning and/or analyzing samples such as cells, vesicles, cellular organelles, and fragments, derivatives, and mixtures thereof, for electrical and/or optical analysis, especially relating to the presence and/or activity of ion channels.
99 citations
TL;DR: A theophylline antiserum was covalently immobilized on the surface of a fused silica fiber, modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde, and used as a selective and sensitive extraction medium for the immunoaffinity solid phase microextraction (SPME) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A theophylline antiserum was covalently immobilized on the
surface of a fused silica fiber, modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
(APTES) and glutaraldehyde, and used as a selective and sensitive
extraction medium for the immunoaffinity solid-phase microextraction (SPME)
determination of theophylline in serum samples The specificity of the
immunoaffinity SPME fiber was first investigated using a fixed
concentration of [3H]theophylline together with various amounts
of interference, possessing no cross-reactivity with the theophylline
antibody No significant non-specific binding was observed The
reproducibility of the fiber preparation and the immunoaffinity SPME
analysis was also investigated, resulting in a relative standard deviation
of 61% for five analyses of the same fiber The antigen–antibody
binding isotherm was obtained by analyzing theophylline standards of
various concentrations (01–5 ng mL−1) until
saturation values were reached Initial binding of theophylline was linear
with a r2 = 0968 The cross-reactivity of the
theophylline immunoaffinity SPME fiber for the structural analog caffeine
was investigated by adding various amounts of caffeine in the presence of
theophylline at a saturation concentration and produced a low
cross-reactivity value of 01% Finally, spiked serum samples (10 and 50 ng
mL−1) were successfully analyzed with an excellent
correlation with the standard binding isotherm, thus confirming the
performance of the immunoaffinity SPME coating for improved bioanalysis
80 citations
References
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521 citations
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Optical Fiber-Chemical Sensing using Direct Spectroscopy Chemical Sensing Using Indicator Dyes Dynamic Light Scattering Applied and Its Application in Concentrated Suspensions In Vivo Medical Sensors Fiber-Optic Gyros Fiber Optic Sensors for Condition Monitoring and Engineering Diagnostics Sensors in Industrial Systems Distributed Sensors as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Optical Fiber-Chemical Sensing Using Direct Spectroscopy Chemical Sensing Using Indicator Dyes Dynamic Light Scattering Applied and Its Application in Concentrated Suspensions In Vivo Medical Sensors Fiber-Optic Gyros Fiber-Optic Sensors for Condition Monitoring and Engineering Diagnostics Sensors in Industrial Systems Distributed Sensors -- Recent Developments Multiplexing Techniques for Fiber-Optic Sensors Fiber Optics and Smart Structures Fiber-Optic Sensors -- Commercial Presence
364 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the covalent attachment of enzymes to organic supports is discussed, and derivatives of alkylamines and coupling techniques are described in the chapter, including aqueous and organic silanization.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the covalent coupling methods for inorganic support materials. Immobilization by covalent attachment to inorganic supports involves reactions that are similar to the covalent attachment of enzymes to organic supports. Silane coupling and derivatives of alkylamines and coupling techniques are described in the chapter. Silane coupling techniques include alkylamine coupling and organic silanization. Aqueous silanization appears to couple a monolayer of silane across the carrier surface. The organic solvent techniques give higher amine loadings. However, experience has shown that greater carrier durability with slightly lower enzyme loadings are achieved by aqueous silanization. Organic silanization gives much higher loadings of alkylamine than the aqueous method. Derivatives of alkylamines and coupling techniques include alkylamine-coupling isothiocyanate coupling carbodiimide coupling, and triazine coupling.
331 citations
Book•
01 May 1984TL;DR: The specificity of enzymes and their ability to catalyze reactions of substrates at low concentrations is of great use in chemical analysis and has been used for analytical purposes for a long time.
Abstract: Although soluble enzymes can be used as excellent reagents for the analysis of inorganic and organic compounds, they face a serious challenge when attempts are made to utilize them in complex matrices, like blood or crude water. Problems center about the effect of activators, inhibitors, other substrates, pH, and temperature on the soluble enzyme. However, upon immobilization most of these effects can be eliminated or minimized. For example, an enzyme with a narrow pH range of 4–6 can be transformed upon insolubilization to a more viable reagent with a broad pH range of 4–10. Also, following immobilization the enzymes are much more stable; they can be heated to 37, 40 or 50°C, with little loss of activity; and the activity persists after several thousand analysis are performed. However, the biggest advantage, analytically speaking, of immobilization, is that the insolubilized reagent becomes a much more selective reagent. No longer do many activators and inhibitors have an effect; only the most powerful can actually attack the enzyme.
242 citations
TL;DR: Trypsin and papain have been covalently linked to porous glass particles and the resulting insolubilized enzymes show increased thermal stability and can be employed for extended periods of time without loss of activity.
Abstract: Trypsin and papain have been covalently linked to porous glass particles. The resulting insolubilized enzymes show increased thermal stability and can be employed for extended periods of time without loss of activity.
226 citations