Antibacterial activity of Boenninghausenia albiflora Reichb. (Rutaceae).
TL;DR: Various organic and aqueous extracts of aerial part of Boenninghausenia albiflora (Rutaceae) obtained by infusion and maceration were screened for their antimicrobial activity against eight animal and plant pathogenic bacteria using disc diffusion method.
Abstract: Various organic and aqueous extracts of aerial part of Boenninghausenia albiflora (Rutaceae) obtained by infusion and maceration were screened for their antimicrobial activity against eight animal and plant pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Xanthomonas phaseoli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Xanthomonas campestris) using disc diffusion method. Out of total 32 tests performed, 27 tests showed positive antibacterial activity at 1000 mg/ml concentration, whereas 15 instances exhibited zone of inhibition ³ 10 mm at same concentration. The activity shown by some of the extracts was found higher than ampicillin (10 mcg) and erythromycin (15 mcg), standard antibiotic used.
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Soybean oil extract of ginger at boiling temperature has potential antimicrobial activity and could be used in food preparation to get the synergistic effect of soybean and ginger.
Abstract: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has long been used as naturopathy due to their potential antimicrobial activity against different microbial pathogens. Moreover, in many countries like Bangladesh, ginger is used in different boiled food preparations. This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of soybean oil extract of dried ginger powder, using agar diffusion assay, against 24 isolates (4 of 6 different types) of food borne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella spp. and Salmonella spp. The present study showed the potent antimicrobial activity of the ginger extract against the all tested bacterial pathogens. Soybean oil extract of ginger showed highest zone of inhibition (11.67±1.53mm) against Salmonella spp. and lowest zone of inhibition (8.0±1.73mm) against Escherichia coli. Ginger extract also showed lower zone of inhibition (8.67±2.52mm) against Staphylococcus aureus compared to the Gram-negative bacteria. Soybean oil extract of ginger at boiling temperature has potential antimicrobial activity and could be used in food preparation to get the synergistic effect of soybean and ginger.
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...As a result there is an urgent need to find the alternative of chemotherapeutic drugs in diseases treatment particularly those of plants origin which are easily available and have considerably less side effects (Khulbe & Sati, 2009)....
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TL;DR: Screening plants against a broad range of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) will support bioprospecting in Nepal, which may eventually lead to new drug development.
Abstract: Background. Infections by microbes (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) and parasites can cause serious diseases in both humans and animals. Heavy use of antimicrobials has created selective pressure and caused resistance to currently available antibiotics, hence the need for finding new and better antibiotics. Natural products, especially from plants, are known for their medicinal properties, including antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities. Geoclimatic variation, together with diversity in ethnomedicinal traditions, has made the Himalayas of Nepal an invaluable repository of traditional medicinal plants. We studied antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic activities of medicinal plants, selected based upon ethnobotanical evidence. Methods. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts were tested (1) on a panel of microbes: two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua), four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella sonnei), and one fungal species: Candida albicans; (2) against three different viruses: yellow fever, chikungunya, and enterovirus; and (3) on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Also, cytotoxicity was assessed on human hepatoma (Huh), rhabdosarcoma (RD), and Vero (VC) cell lines. Results. Of 18 plants studied, Ampelocissus tomentosa and Aleuritopteris anceps inhibited S. aureus (MIC 35 μg/mL and 649 μg/mL, respectively) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 15 μg/mL and 38 μg/mL, respectively). Rhododendron arboreum and Adhatoda vasica inhibited S. enterica (MIC 285 μg/mL and 326 μg/mL, respectively). Kalanchoe pinnata, Ampelocissus tomentosa, and Paris polyphylla were active against chikungunya virus, and Clerodendrum serratum was active against yellow fever virus (EC50 15.9 μg/mL); Terminalia chebula was active against enterovirus (EC50 10.6 μg/mL). Ampelocissus tomentosa, Boenninghausenia albiflora, Dichrocephala integrifolia, and Kalanchoe pinnata significantly reduced C. elegans motility, comparable to levamisole. Conclusions. In countries like Nepal, with a high burden of infectious and parasitic diseases, and a current health system unable to combat the burden of diseases, evaluation of local plants as a treatment or potential source of drugs can help expand treatment options. Screening plants against a broad range of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) will support bioprospecting in Nepal, which may eventually lead to new drug development.
47 citations
Cites background from "Antibacterial activity of Boenningh..."
...Plants such as Boenninghausenia albiflora [56, 82], Clerodendrum serratum [83, 84], Rhododendron arboreum [85, 86], and Terminalia chebula [34, 76, 87] were already reported as having antimicrobial activity....
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43 citations
References
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TL;DR: Recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards continue to be based on this publication; the “Kirby-Bauer” method is, among the many disk methods used in other countries, still the one that has been researched most thoroughly and updated continuously.
Abstract: In the words of the authors, the paper by A. W. Bauer et al., from the University of Washington in Seattle, on a standardized single-disk method for antibiotic susceptibility testing “. . . consolidate(s) and update(s) previous descriptions of the method and provide(s) a concise outline for its performance and interpretation.” Clinical microbiologists were relieved that finally a disk diffusion method had been standardized, could be used with ease, and provided reliable results as compared with minimum inhibitory concentration tests. The pivotal role of Hans Ericsson’s theoretical and practical studies (H. Ericsson and G. Svartz-Malmberg, Antibiot. Chemother. 6:41–74, 1959), as well as earlier reports by some of the authors of the publications cited, must be mentioned as a matter of fairness. Most of the recommendations given are still valid today even though some of the antimicrobial agents are obsolete, new ones have been added, some zone sizes had to be modified, and new media were designed for Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards continue to be based on this publication; the “Kirby-Bauer” method is, among the many disk methods used in other countries, still the one that has been researched most thoroughly and updated continuously. ALEXANDER VON GRAEVENITZ
16,916 citations
"Antibacterial activity of Boenningh..." refers methods in this paper
...The disc diffusion method (Bauer et al., 1966; Cruickshank, 1968) was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity....
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TL;DR: The current status of botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity, are summarized and the structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals are addressed.
Abstract: The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the Earth for phytochemicals and “leads” which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. While 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants, none are used as antimicrobials. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions; Western medicine is trying to duplicate their successes. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties. This review attempts to summarize the current status of botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity. The structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals are also addressed. Since many of these compounds are currently available as unregulated botanical preparations and their use by the public is increasing rapidly, clinicians need to consider the consequences of patients self-medicating with these preparations.
7,486 citations
"Antibacterial activity of Boenningh..." refers background in this paper
...As a result of indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases, microorganisms have developed resistance to many antibiotics (Cowan, 1999)....
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401 citations
"Antibacterial activity of Boenningh..." refers background in this paper
...Gaur (1999) mentioned that leaf part has been used to apply on cuts and wounds whereas root powder is being used as antiseptic....
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