Antibacterial activity of some salt marsh halophytes and mangrove plants against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
01 Jan 2009-World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology (Springer Netherlands)-Vol. 25, Iss: 1, pp 155-160
TL;DR: The antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves/shoots of five salt marsh halophytes and six mangroves was studied against methicillin resistant, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and further separation of active principle from the potent mangrove plant will be useful for the control of drug resistant strains.
Abstract: The antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves/shoots of five salt marsh halophytes and six mangroves was studied against methicillin resistant, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. There was a clear comparability between the salt marsh halophytes and mangroves in their antibacterial action. The mangrove plants possessed higher antibacterial potency than the salt marsh halophytes. The highest activity was recorded with the methanol extract of Excoecaria agallocha followed by the methanol extracts of Aegiceras corniculatum, Lumnitzera racemosa and Ceriops decandra. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.125 to 4 mg/mL and 1 to 16 mg/mL for methanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. Further separation of active principle from the potent mangrove plant will be useful for the control of drug resistant strains of S. aureus.
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TL;DR: Bioactive compound from methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata showed antagonistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the effect of the compound toxicity was analyzed and studied in Zebra fish embryos.
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TL;DR: In this article, the potential of the leaf, root and bark extracts of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza was explored by combining methanol and combination solvent extraction of the plant materials against ten pathogenic bacteria and four fungal strains.
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: This study has validated the medicinal potential of the mangrove plants and antimicrobial activities of the organic solvent extracts on the various test microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi investigated using agar well diffusion technique.
Abstract: In this present study antimicrobial activity of Rhizophora conjugata (Rhizophoraceae), the plant parts of were collected from coringa forest near Kakinada, Godavari-krishna delta area were dried and extracted successively with hexane, chloroform and methanol using the soxhlet extraction apparatus. The antimicrobial activities of the organic solvent extracts on the various test microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi investigated using agar well diffusion technique. Methanol extracts exhibited promising antimicrobial activity than chloroform and hexane extracts. Among all tested microorganisms L. acidophilus (22 mm) showing highest susceptibility followed by S. salivarius (19 mm) and A. hydrophila, S. mutans and lowest activity was found with C. herbarum, F.oxysporum, S. anginosus and S.mitis with concentration 100 mg/ml.This study, has to some extent, validated the medicinal potential of the mangrove plants.
6 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Phytochemi cal studies support the antibacterial activity of methanol, ace tone, alcohol & water solubles of Avicennia alba, which clearly indicates that the active principles of A.alba stem are positive against drug sensitive strains b ut not to the drug resistant strains.
Abstract: Most of the human diseases are mediated by microorganisms. The discovery of antimicrobials provides an increasingly important tool to combat microbial diseases. Improp er usage of antimicrobials results in the developme nt of microbial resistance. Therefore, identification of new antimi crobial compounds is essential. Traditional medicin e still plays an important role in the health care in India and othe r countries. The mangrove ecosystem is a largely un explored source for the potential biologically active secondary metabol ites. Consequently, we set out to screen the stem o f Avicennia alba collected from the Coringa Mangrove Reserve Forest, Kakinada, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India for antibacterial activity. In the present study, the stem extract of Avicennia alba in Hexane, Benzene, Chloroform, Ethylacetate, Methanol, Acetone, Absolute Alcohol & Water were screened for the antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion method against selected microorganisms, viz, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsi ella pneumonia (drug resistant strains) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Clo stridium perfringens & Bacillus subtilis (drug sensitive strains) . The extracts were also screened for secondary meta bolites like flavanoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and tanni ns. None of the extracts were found effective again st the tested drug resistant strains irrespective of Gram nature. Whil e, Methanol extract is active against E.aerogenes & Bacillus subtilis and Chloroform, Acetone, Absolute Alcohol & aqueous extracts exhibited only anti E. aerogenes activity. However, Hexane, Benzene & Ethyl acetate solubles does not show any activity on the tested cultures. Phytochemi cal studies support the antibacterial activity of methanol, ace tone, alcohol & water solubles of A.alba . This clearly indicates that the active principles of A.alba stem are positive against drug sensitive strains b ut not to the drug resistant strains.
5 citations
Cites background from "Antibacterial activity of some salt..."
...Extracts from different mangrove plants are also active against human and plant pathogens [8]....
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the mangrove plant extracts against bacterial isolates was tested in Mueller Hinton broth by Broth macro dilution method and showed minimum inhibition zone against bacterial pathogens.
Abstract: Ten mangrove medicinal plants viz., Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucuronata , Rhizophora mangle, Asparagus officinalis, Ceriops decandra, Aegiceras corniculatum, Acanthus ilicifolius, Bruguiera cylindrica, Rhizophora apiculata and Xylocarpus grantum were collected from mangrove forest of Pichavaram, Tamil Nadu, India. The antibacterial activity of mangrove plant extracts (150 mg/ml and 300 mg/ml) were determined by Disc diffusion method. The zone of inhibition was more at 300 mg/ml of extracts when compared to 150 mg/ml of extracts. The antibacterial activity of selecte d mangrove plant leaf extracts was determined against pathogenic bacterial isolates. The methanol extract of Ceriops decandrashowed maximum zone of inhibition against all the bacterial isolates followed by Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata , Aegiceras corniculatum, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mangle , Acanthus ilicifolius, Asparagus officinalis, Xylocarpus grantumand Bruguiera cylindrica at 300 mg/ml. The hexane extract of mangrove plants showed minimum inhibition zone against bacterial pathogens when compared to the other solvent extracts. The DMSO was used as a blind control and the antibiotic Ampicillin (300 mg/ml) was used as a positive control. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the mangrove plant extracts against bacterial isolates was tested in Mueller Hinton broth by Broth macro dilution method. The MIC of mangrove plants against bacterial pathogens was ranged between 20 mg/ml to 640 mg/ml.
5 citations
References
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Abstract: In the words of the authors, the paper by A. W. Bauer et al., from the University of Washington in Seattle, on a standardized single-disk method for antibiotic susceptibility testing “. . . consolidate(s) and update(s) previous descriptions of the method and provide(s) a concise outline for its performance and interpretation.” Clinical microbiologists were relieved that finally a disk diffusion method had been standardized, could be used with ease, and provided reliable results as compared with minimum inhibitory concentration tests. The pivotal role of Hans Ericsson’s theoretical and practical studies (H. Ericsson and G. Svartz-Malmberg, Antibiot. Chemother. 6:41–74, 1959), as well as earlier reports by some of the authors of the publications cited, must be mentioned as a matter of fairness. Most of the recommendations given are still valid today even though some of the antimicrobial agents are obsolete, new ones have been added, some zone sizes had to be modified, and new media were designed for Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards continue to be based on this publication; the “Kirby-Bauer” method is, among the many disk methods used in other countries, still the one that has been researched most thoroughly and updated continuously. ALEXANDER VON GRAEVENITZ
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