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Journal ArticleDOI

Antibacterial activity of some salt marsh halophytes and mangrove plants against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

01 Jan 2009-World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology (Springer Netherlands)-Vol. 25, Iss: 1, pp 155-160
TL;DR: The antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves/shoots of five salt marsh halophytes and six mangroves was studied against methicillin resistant, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and further separation of active principle from the potent mangrove plant will be useful for the control of drug resistant strains.
Abstract: The antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves/shoots of five salt marsh halophytes and six mangroves was studied against methicillin resistant, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. There was a clear comparability between the salt marsh halophytes and mangroves in their antibacterial action. The mangrove plants possessed higher antibacterial potency than the salt marsh halophytes. The highest activity was recorded with the methanol extract of Excoecaria agallocha followed by the methanol extracts of Aegiceras corniculatum, Lumnitzera racemosa and Ceriops decandra. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.125 to 4 mg/mL and 1 to 16 mg/mL for methanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. Further separation of active principle from the potent mangrove plant will be useful for the control of drug resistant strains of S. aureus.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current study elucidates that the synthesized AgNPs were efficient against the bacterial strains tested and showed an obvious superiority of the antibacterial potency of BAgNPs compared to the CAgNPs as denoted by the zone of inhibition (ZoI).

121 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The antibacterial activity of the leaves and bark of mangrove plants, Avicennia marina, A. racemosa and A. marina gave the best inhibition for bacterial species, they were used for further investigations and revealed that leaf and bark contained alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids and flavonoids.
Abstract: The antibacterial activity of the leaves and bark of mangrove plants, Avicennia marina, A. officinalis, Bruguiera sexangula, Exoecaria agallocha, Lumnitzera racemosa, and Rhizophora apiculata was evaluated against antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus sp. Soxhlet extracts of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water were prepared and evaluated the antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method. Most of the plant extracts showed promising antibacterial activity against both bacterial species. However, higher antibacterial activity was observed for Staphylococcus aureus than Proteus sp. The highest antibacterial activity was shown by ethyl acetate of mature leaf extracts of E. agallocha for Staphylococcus aureus. All ethyl acetate extracts showed higher inhibition against S. aureus while some extracts of chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol gave inhibition against Proteus sp. None of the petroleum ether and aqueous extracts showed inhibition against Proteus sp. All fresh plant materials did also show more antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains than did dried plant extracts. Antibacterial activity of fresh and dried plant materials reduced for both bacterial strains with time after extraction. Since L. racemosa and A. marina gave the best inhibition for bacterial species, they were used for further investigations. Charcoal treated plant extracts of L. racemosa and A. marina were able to inhibit both bacterial strains more than those of untreated plant extracts. Phytochemical screening of mature leaf, bark of L. racemosa and leaf extracts of A. marina has been carried out and revealed that leaf and bark contained alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids and flavonoids. None of the above extracts indicate the presence of saponins and cardiac glycosides. Separated bands of extracts by TLC analysis showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus.

90 citations


Cites background from "Antibacterial activity of some salt..."

  • ...Extracts from different mangrove plants and mangrove associates are active against human and plant pathogens[14]....

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  • ...Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 168 March - April 2010 antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties[13-15]....

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  • ...According to preliminary study and studies of other people[14], it has been recorded that, a number of mangrove plant extracts of methanol, ethanol and aqueous showed antibacterial activity against pathogenic isolates as well as antibiotic resistant bacteria....

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  • ...A number of mangroves and associates contain poisonous substances, which also show biological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, antifeedant, molluscicidal, and pesticidal properties[10,14]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent investigations on the biological activities of extracts and phytochemicals identified from mangroves and their associates as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer and many other properties like antiproliferative, insecticidal, antimalarial, antifeedant, central nervous system depressant and anti-plasmodial are examined.
Abstract: Mangrove forests are salt tolerant plants confined to the coastal areas and occupy only 5% of the total forest areas of the world. These are the most hostile environment with fluctuating tidal and saline regime and a limited plant species can survive under such condition. Nevertheless, these plants are most valuable resources and provide economic and ecological benefits to the coastal people. Several mangrove species have been used in traditional medicine or have few applications as insecticide and pesticide. Mangroves are biochemically unique, producing wide array of natural products with unique bioactivity. They possess active metabolites with some novel chemical structures which belong to diverse chemical classes such as alkaloids, phenol, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, etc. The present review examines recent investigations on the biological activities of extracts and phytochemicals identified from mangroves and their associates as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer and many other properties like antiproliferative, insecticidal, antimalarial, antifeedant, central nervous system depressant and anti-plasmodial etc. The present article also emphasizes and creates an awareness of potential mangroves and their associates as a source of novel medicines, agrochemicals and source of many biologically active compounds.

84 citations


Cites background from "Antibacterial activity of some salt..."

  • ...…2001; Konishi et al. 2003; Kathiresan et al. 2006; Subhan et al. 2008a, 2008b; Kumar et al. 2009; Patra et al. 2009a; Patra et al. 2009b; Wang et al. 2009; Chandrasekaran et al. 2009; Abeysinghe 2010 biologically active forms, but others occur as inactive precursors and are activated in response…...

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  • ...…2010); 2-nitro4-(20-nitroethenyl phenol) from leaves of S. acida; alkanes (46.7–97.9% wax) and triterpenoids (53.3% wax) from leaves of Rhizophora species; and iridoid glycosides from leaves of Avicennia officinalis and A. germinans (Vadlapudi and Naidu 2009a; Chandrasekaran et al. 2009) (Table 2)....

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  • ...…Glucosyringic acid, Tachioside, Isotachioside Wangensteen et al. 2009a 12 Sonneratia acida 2-nitro-4-(20-nitroethenyl phenol) Vadlapudi and Naidu 2009a; Chandrasekaran et al. 2009 13 Xylocarpus granatum Xyloccensin, Procyanidin B3, Catechin, Epicatechin, Procyanidin B1, Procyanidin…...

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  • ...…been provided by a number of review and research articles (Bandaranayake 2002; Kathiresan et al. 2006; Pattanaik et al. 2008; Bose and Bose 2008; Jun et al. 2008; Singh et al. 2009; Manilal et al. 2009; Chandrasekaran et al. 2009; Vadlapudi and Naidu 2009a; Patra et al. 2009a, b; Wang et al. 2009)....

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  • ...…(Telugu) Bark-diabetes Ashihara et al. 2003 19 Lumnitzera racemosa Tunda (Oriya), Kripa (Bengali), Tipparathai (Tamil) Stem-itches and herpes, asthma, diabetes, snake bite Antiviral Bamroongrugsa 1999; Ashihara et al. 2003; Vadlapudi and Naidu 2009b; Chandrasekaran et al. 2009; Abeysinghe 2010 20....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review examines the chemical compositions and bioactivities of mangrove plants belonging to the Rhizophoraceae family and identifies the key phytochemical constituents identified across the family are the diterpenoids and triterpenoid.
Abstract: This review examines the chemical compositions and bioactivities of mangrove plants belonging to the Rhizophoraceae family. The Rhizophoraceae family of true mangrove plants is the most common and is also widely distributed species. It consists of 24 species across four genera. Of the 24 species, 12 species remain unexamined for their phytochemical constituents. There have been 268 metabolites reported from 16 species. The key phytochemical constituents identified across the family are the diterpenoids and triterpenoids. The major diterpenoids include pimaranes, beyeranes, kaurenes, dolabranes and labdanes whereas the significant triterpenoids are lupanes, dammaranes and oleananes. Disulphides, dolabranes and labdanes are considered to be the chemotaxonomic markers of the genera Bruguiera, Ceriops and Rhizophora respectively.

64 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic, ethanolic and chloroform crude extract of leaves and barks of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were investigated.
Abstract: In the present work, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic, ethanolic and chloroform crude extract of leaves and barks of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were investigated. The antioxidant activity of the crude extracts were evaluated using the enzymatic and non enzymatic methods namely superoxide dismutase determination, reducing power assay and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil free radical scavenging assays. Folin-ciocalteu reagent method was used to estimate the amount of total phenolic compounds of the extracts. Ethanol extract of barks showed the best result in all antioxidant assays which was positively co-related with the total phenolic contents. There was no significant difference between the IC 50 value of ethanol extract of bark and the ascorbic acid. Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were used as the test pathogenic bacteria in this study. Both ethanol and methanol extracts could inhibit the growth of all pathogenic bacteria while chloroform extract of leaves showed no activity against any bacteria. Antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract of barks was higher than all other extracts.

61 citations


Cites background from "Antibacterial activity of some salt..."

  • ...Promising antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract of Avicennia marina mature leaves (Abeysinghe and Wanigatunge, 2006), methanol extract of Excoecaria agallocha leaves and shoots (Chandrasekaran et al., 2009) and antifungal activity of methanol extract of Exoecaria agallocha and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza trunks (Kazuhiko, 2002) are some other...

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  • ...…acetate extract of Avicennia marina mature leaves (Abeysinghe and Wanigatunge, 2006), methanol extract of Excoecaria agallocha leaves and shoots (Chandrasekaran et al., 2009) and antifungal activity of methanol extract of Exoecaria agallocha and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza trunks (Kazuhiko, 2002) are…...

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of young pine shoots was investigated and compared with that of a commercial pine needle oil and chloramphenicol and the correlation between the essential oils and their compositions is discussed.

49 citations


"Antibacterial activity of some salt..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The MBC values of the extracts were determined ( Kartnig et al. 1991 ) by plating 100 lL of samples from each MIC assay tube with growth inhibition into freshly prepared Mueller Hinton Agar plate supplemented with 4% sodium chloride....

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Journal Article
TL;DR: Results suggest that methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan may have antimicrobial activity and the potential to restore the effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics against MRSA, and inhibit the MRSA invasion to HMFs.
Abstract: In the present study, we investigated antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia sappan against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and effect of Caesalpinia sappan extract on the invasion of MRSA to human mucosal fibroblasts (HMFs). Chloroform, n-butanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of the Caesalpinia sappan showed antimicrobial activity against standard methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) as well as MRSA. Methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan demonstrated a higher inhibitory activity than n-butanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts. In the checkerboard dilution method, methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan markedly lowered the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin and oxacillin against MRSA. To determine whether methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan inhibits the MRSA invasion to HMFs, the cells were treated with various sub-MIC concentrations of methanol extract and bacterial invasion was assayed. MRSA invasion was notably decreased in the presence of 20-80 microg/ml of Caesalpinia sappan extract compared to the control group. The effect of Caesalpinia sappan extract on MRSA invasion appeared dose-dependent. These results suggest that methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan may have antimicrobial activity and the potential to restore the effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics against MRSA, and inhibit the MRSA invasion to HMFs.

45 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first report of micropropagation in the genus Excoecaria and also in mangrove tree species, and about 85% of plantlets survived under ex vitro conditions.
Abstract: An in vitro propagation protocol has been developed for Excoecaria agallocha L. (Euphorbiaceae), a mangrove species. Nodal segments were used for axillary shoot proliferation. One shoot from each node of binodal explants was observed 3 weeks after inoculation. The best axillary sprouting was seen on a newly formulated medium containing BA, Zeatin and IBA in concentrations of 13.3 μM, 4.65 μM and 1.23 μM, respectively. The new medium, first used in this study, has a specific composition of major nutrients, MS micronutrients and iron compounds. Nodal segments from rooted cuttings and seedlings responded better than those of mature tree explants. Multiple shoot induction was complemented with efficient shoot elongation, and repeated subculture of binodal segments from axillary shoots resulted in 10–12 shoots per explant in 3 months. Rooting was achieved by growing shoots in the new medium with 0.23 μM IBA. Regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to the natural environment, and about 85% of plantlets survived under ex vitro conditions. This is the first report of micropropagation in the genus Excoecaria and also in mangrove tree species.

42 citations


"Antibacterial activity of some salt..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Successful in vitro protocol for the plant has been reported ( Rao et al. 1998 )....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia sappan against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and effect of CSA on the invasion of MRSA to human mucosal fibroblasts (HMFs).

39 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aqueous extract of Rhizophora mangle bark and its polyphenolic fractions showed remarkable in vitro antiinflammatory activity in a preliminary study.

30 citations