Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Evolvulus nummularius.
TL;DR: The results from the study show that methanol extract of E.nummularius has antibacterial activity and the antioxidant activity may be attributed to the presence of tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids in the methanal extract.
Abstract: Objective : To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Evolvulus nummularius (L) L. Materials and Methods : Disc diffusion and broth serial dilution tests were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract against two Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilus NCIM 2718, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and three Gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 70063 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922). The methanol extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis. Free radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract at different concentrations was determined with 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results : The susceptible organisms to the methanol extract were Escherichia coli (MIC=12.50 mg/ml) and Bacillus subtilus (MIC=3.125 mg/ml) and the most resistant strains were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The methanol extracts exhibited radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 350 μg/ml. Conclusion : The results from the study show that methanol extract of E.nummularius has antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity may be attributed to the presence of tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids in the methanol extract. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity exhibited by the methanol extract can be corroborated to the usage of this plant in Indian folk medicine.
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22 Sep 2017
TL;DR: There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health, so a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed.
Abstract: There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health. Thus, a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed. More than 8000 different phenolic compounds have been characterized; fruits and vegetables are the prime sources of natural antioxidants. In order to extract, measure, and identify bioactive compounds from a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, researchers use multiple techniques and methods. This review includes a brief description of a wide range of different assays. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of phenolic natural products from fruits and vegetables are also discussed.
942 citations
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...Hygrophila spinosa Andres leaves showed significant antibacterial activity when collected between September to October, with less activity seen during other months [129]....
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...subtilis were the most inhibited by an ethanolic extract [129]....
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TL;DR: Traditional herbal medicine has flourished in rural areas where modern medicine is parsimoniously accessed because of the high cost and long travel time to health center, and the latest pharmacological findings, common Ayurvedic and earlier uses were consistent.
Abstract: Plant species have long been used as principal ingredients of traditional medicine in far-west Nepal. The medicinal plants with ethnomedicinal values are currently being screened for their therapeutic potential but their data and information are inadequately compared and analyzed with the Ayurveda and the phytochemical findings. The present study evaluated ethnomedicinal plants and their uses following literature review, comparison, field observations, and analysis. Comparison was made against earlier standard literature of medicinal plants and ethnomedicine of the same area, the common uses of the Ayurveda and the latest common phytochemical findings. The field study for primary data collection was carried out from 2006-2008. The herbal medicine in far-west Nepal is the basis of treatment of most illness through traditional knowledge. The medicine is made available via ancient, natural health care practices such as tribal lore, home herbal remedy, and the Baidhya, Ayurveda and Amchi systems. The traditional herbal medicine has not only survived but also thrived in the trans-cultural environment with its intermixture of ethnic traditions and beliefs. The present assessment showed that traditional herbal medicine has flourished in rural areas where modern medicine is parsimoniously accessed because of the high cost and long travel time to health center. Of the 48 Nepalese medicinal plants assessed in the present communication, about half of the species showed affinity with the common uses of the Ayurveda, earlier studies and the latest phytochemical findings. The folk uses of Acacia catechu for cold and cough, Aconitum spicatum as an analgesic, Aesculus indica for joint pain, Andrographis paniculata for fever, Anisomeles indica for urinary affections, Azadirachta indica for fever, Euphorbia hirta for asthma, Taxus wallichiana for tumor control, and Tinospora sinensis for diabetes are consistent with the latest pharmacological findings, common Ayurvedic and earlier uses. Although traditional herbal medicine is only a primary means of health care in far-west Nepal, the medicine has been pursued indigenously with complementing pharmacology and the Ayurveda. Therefore, further pharmacological evaluation of traditional herbal medicine deserves more attention.
207 citations
TL;DR: Aqueous extracts of C. nudiflora has significant control over free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of the growth of food pathogenic bacteria, and the aqueous extract contains abundance of phenolics and flavonoids higher than other extracts.
56 citations
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...Natural products has a vital role in pharmacological and commercial industries, produce a lot of health care and medicinal products such as antimicrobial, anti-tumour agent, anti hepatotoxic, cardio tonic, CNS stimulant, nutraceuticals, sweeteners, food additives and animal feed (Gortzi et al., 2008; Verma et al., 2009)....
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...…vital role in pharmacological and commercial industries, produce a lot of health care and medicinal products such as antimicrobial, anti-tumour agent, anti hepatotoxic, cardio tonic, CNS stimulant, nutraceuticals, sweeteners, food additives and animal feed (Gortzi et al., 2008; Verma et al., 2009)....
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28 Nov 2016
TL;DR: It can be concluded that antioxidant and antiageing traits of flavonoids in apple extract plus biocidal feature of silver nanoparticles can be synergistically and successfully utilized in the form of hydrogel.
Abstract: The advancement of the biological production of nanoparticles using herbal extracts performs a significant role in nanotechnology discipline as it is green and does not engage harsh chemicals. The objective of the present investigation was to extract flavonoids in the mode of apple extract and synthesize its silver nanoparticles and ultimately nanoparticles loading into hydrogels. The presence of flavonoids in apple extract was characterized by preliminary testing like dil. ammonia test and confirmatory test by magnesium ribbon test. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV spectroscopy, particle size and surface morphology, and zeta potential. Silver nanoparticles loaded hydrogels were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, porosity, in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, and antibacterial (E. coli and S. aureus) and antioxidant studies (DPPH radical scavenging assay). Well dispersed silver nanoparticles below were observed in scanning electron microscope image. Hydrogels displayed in vitro release of 98.01% ± 0.37% up to 24 h and ex vivo permeation of 98.81 ± 0.24% up to 24 h. Hydrogel effectively inhibited the growth of both microorganism indicating good antibacterial properties. The value of percent radical inhibition was 75.16% ± 0.04 revealing its high antioxidant properties. As an outcome, it can be concluded that antioxidant and antiageing traits of flavonoids in apple extract plus biocidal feature of silver nanoparticles can be synergistically and successfully utilized in the form of hydrogel.
47 citations
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...Confirmatory Testing (Magnesium Ribbon Test) [17]....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The Society for Free Radical Research (SFRR) has decided to become a geographically regionalized organization, in which each member society will belong to the new "umbrella" or confederacy group to be called SFRR International.
Abstract: The Oxygen Society was organized on the American continent in early 1988 and adopted Free Radical Biology & Medicine as its official journal. Also during the past year the Society for Free Radical Research (SFRR) has decided to become a geographically regionalized organization, in which each member society will belong to the new "umbrella" or confederacy group to be called SFRR International.
35 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, three new compounds, 1-3 together with known compounds, p-sitosterol and its glucoside, stigmasterol, d-mannitol, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid have been isolated from the aerial parts of Evolvulus nummularius.
Abstract: Three new compounds, 1-3 together with known compounds, p-sitosterol and its glucoside, stigmasterol, d-mannitol, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid have been isolated from the aerial parts of Evolvulus nummularius. On the basis of their spectroscopic data and chemical study, the structures of the new compounds 1-3 have been established as 3-O-(4-stearoyl-Z-coumaroyl)-stigmast-5, E-22 dien-3β-ol; 16-(E-coumaroyloxy)-palmitic acid and 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-29β-oic acid, respectively. Possibly compound 3 is identical with plectranthoic acid, whose structure was wrongly assigned as 3a-hydroxy-urs-12-en-29p-oic acid.
9 citations