Antidiabetic and antiparasitic potentials: Inhibition effects of some natural antioxidant compounds on α-glycosidase, α-amylase and human glutathione S-transferase enzymes
01 Nov 2018-International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (Int J Biol Macromol)-Vol. 119, pp 741-746
TL;DR: These molecules can be elective inhibitors of GST, α-glycosidase and α-amylase enzymes as antidiabetic and antiparasitic agents and demonstrate effective inhibitor compounds with Ki values in the range of 8.34-40.78 μM against GST, and 120.53-892.36 nM against α- Glycosid enzyme.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.The article was published on 2018-11-01. It has received 158 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Antiparasitic agent & Glutathione S-transferase.
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TL;DR: Antioxidants had a growing interest owing to their protective roles in food and pharmaceutical products against oxidative deterioration and in the body and against oxidative stress-mediated pathological processes as discussed by the authors, and many studies evaluating the antioxidant activity of various samples of research interest have been conducted.
Abstract: Antioxidants had a growing interest owing to their protective roles in food and pharmaceutical products against oxidative deterioration and in the body and against oxidative stress-mediated pathological processes. Screening of antioxidant properties of plants and plant-derived compounds requires appropriate methods, which address the mechanism of antioxidant activity and focus on the kinetics of the reactions including the antioxidants. Many studies evaluating the antioxidant activity of various samples of research interest using different methods in food and human health have been conducted. These methods are classified, described, and discussed in this review. Methods based on inhibited autoxidation are the most suited for termination-enhancing antioxidants and for chain-breaking antioxidants, while different specific studies are needed for preventive antioxidants. For this purpose, the most common methods used in vitro determination of antioxidant capacity of food constituents were examined. Also, a selection of chemical testing methods was critically reviewed and highlighted. In addition, their advantages, disadvantages, limitations and usefulness were discussed and investigated for pure molecules and raw extracts. The effect and influence of the reaction medium on the performance of antioxidants are also addressed. Hence, this overview provides a basis and rationale for developing standardized antioxidant methods for the food, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplement industries. In addition, the most important advantages and shortcomings of each method were detected and highlighted. The chemical principles of these methods are outlined and critically discussed. The chemical principles of methods of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS·+) scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) radical scavenging, Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing power assay (Cuprac), Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity (FCR assay), peroxyl radical (ROO·), superoxide radical anion (O2·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical (OH·) scavenging assay, singlet oxygen (1O2) quenching assay, nitric oxide radical (NO·) scavenging assay and chemiluminescence assay are outlined and critically discussed. Also, the general antioxidant aspects of main food components were discussed by a number of methods, which are currently used for the detection of antioxidant properties of food components. This review consists of two main sections. The first section is devoted to the main components in the food and pharmaceutical applications. The second general section comprises some definitions of the main antioxidant methods commonly used for the determination of the antioxidant activity of components. In addition, some chemical, mechanistic and kinetic basis, and technical details of the used methods are given.
677 citations
TL;DR: These derivatives' inhibitory potential on the tested enzymes are promising drug candidates for the treatment of diseases like glaucoma, leukemia, epilepsy; Alzheimer's disease; type-2 diabetes mellitus that are associated with high enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholinesterases, and α-glycosidase.
137 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the thiosemicarbazone of glyoxylic acid derivatives had effective inhibition against α-glycosidase, cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes, butyrylchioxomethyl)hydrazinyl] acetic acid (H2TAA) and acetylcholinesterase.
107 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that CH exhibited an ameliorative effect against CYP‐induced brain, heart, liver, testis, and kidney toxicity.
Abstract: Chrysin (CH) or 5,7-dihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid present in various plants, bee propolis, and honey. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a chemotherapeutic drug, which is extensively used in the treatment of multiple human malignancies. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of CYP and CH on some metabolic enzymes including carbonic anhydrase, aldose reductase, paraoxonase-1, α-glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase enzyme activities in the brain, heart, testis, liver, and kidney tissues of rats. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were used. The animals were pretreated with CH (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) for seven days before administering a single dose of CYP (200 mg/kg b.w.) on the seventh day. In all the tissues, the treatment of CH significantly regulated these enzyme activities in CYP-induced rats. These results showed that CH exhibited an ameliorative effect against CYP-induced brain, heart, liver, testis, and kidney toxicity.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have prepared ZnO nanoparticles using Alchemilla vulgaris (Lady's mantle) leaves and investigated their anti-enzymatic properties, which showed the cumulative median particle size of 550nm.
88 citations
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Using an improved method of gel electrophoresis, many hitherto unknown proteins have been found in bacteriophage T4 and some of these have been identified with specific gene products as mentioned in this paper.
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TL;DR: On the basis of the assumed theory the rate of the observed reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the enzyme-substrate compound, where (E:l = (ES).
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