Antihypertensive effect of giant embryo brown rice and pre‐germinated giant embryo brown rice on spontaneously hypertensive rats
TL;DR: The above results suggest that “Shangshida NO.5” rice, particularly pre‐germinated rice, is a good dietary supplement for preventing the development of hypertension.
Abstract: "Shangshida NO.5" is a giant embryo mutant resulting from giant embryo gene (GE) dysfunction in "Chao2-10" rice. Here, we compared the antihypertensive effects of "Chao2-10" brown rice (C2-10), "Shangshida NO.5" brown rice (GER), and pre-germinated "Shangshida NO.5" brown rice (PGER) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHR at 6 weeks of age were divided into four groups and were fed with (a) a control diet (control), (b) a 40% C2-10-supplemented diet (C2-10), (c) a 40% GER-supplemented diet (GER), or (d) a 40% PGER-supplemented diet (PGER) for 8 weeks, and their physiological and biochemical parameters were measured. The results showed that the C2-10-, GER-, and PGER-supplemented diets significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during the experiment. At the end of the experimental period, the SBP and DBP of the C2-10, GER, and PGER groups were 7.6, 23.3, and 31.1 mmHg and 9.8, 21.1, and 29 mmHg lower than those in the control group, respectively, suggesting the GER and PGER diets were better able to inhibit blood pressure elevation than the C2-10 diet. The serum creatinine levels in the C2-10, GER, and PGER groups and the blood urea nitrogen content in the PGER group were significantly lower than those of the control group, indicating that C2-10-, GER-, and especially PGER-supplemented diets improved renal function. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the C2-10 group and especially of the GER and PGER groups also improved. The above results suggest that "Shangshida NO.5" rice, particularly pre-germinated rice, is a good dietary supplement for preventing the development of hypertension.
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TL;DR: This is a paid internship where interns work directly to assist the Director of Marketing and Communications on various tasks relating to upcoming GRA events.
Abstract: OVERVIEW The GRA Marketing Internship Program is offered to students who are interested in gaining valuable work experience through efforts in marketing, membership, sales, and events. Interns work directly to assist the Director of Marketing and Communications on various tasks relating to upcoming GRA events. During this internship, students will work a minimum of 10 hours a week and a maximum of 20 hours a week. Students are encouraged to earn credit for their internship, however this is a paid internship. Students interested in obtaining credit for their internship must consult their academic advisor or the intern coordinator at their academic unit.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a review mainly summarizes recent studies about the physiological and biochemical changes during edible seeds germination, and different germination treatments and the enrichment of γ-amino butyric acid are discussed.
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TL;DR: This is a paid internship where interns work directly to assist the Director of Marketing and Communications on various tasks relating to upcoming GRA events.
Abstract: OVERVIEW The GRA Marketing Internship Program is offered to students who are interested in gaining valuable work experience through efforts in marketing, membership, sales, and events. Interns work directly to assist the Director of Marketing and Communications on various tasks relating to upcoming GRA events. During this internship, students will work a minimum of 10 hours a week and a maximum of 20 hours a week. Students are encouraged to earn credit for their internship, however this is a paid internship. Students interested in obtaining credit for their internship must consult their academic advisor or the intern coordinator at their academic unit.
1,309 citations
"Antihypertensive effect of giant em..." refers background in this paper
...The kidney is the main target organ for hypertensive damage (Raij, 1986)....
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DOI•
01 Jan 1974TL;DR: Evidence for A m i n o Acids as T ransmi t t e r s as well as evidence for Synthesis and Storage are presented.
Abstract: 2. Evidence for A m i n o Acids as T ransmi t t e r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 2.1. Synthesis and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 2.2. Synapt ic Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 2.3. Postsynapt ic Act ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 2.4. Postsynapt ic An tagon i s t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 2.5. Inac t iva t ion and R e m o v a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
1,090 citations
"Antihypertensive effect of giant em..." refers background in this paper
...…the treatment and prevention of hypertension. γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (Curtis & Johnston, 1974), is found in peripheral tissues (Erdö, 1985), and it has several well‐known physiological functions, such as…...
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TL;DR: A spontaneous, rhythmic activity initiated in the subiculum of slices from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy was described, similar to interictal discharges of patient electroencephalograms.
Abstract: The origin and mechanisms of human interictal epileptic discharges remain unclear. Here, we describe a spontaneous, rhythmic activity initiated in the subiculum of slices from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Synchronous events were similar to interictal discharges of patient electroencephalograms. They were suppressed by antagonists of either glutamatergic or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)–ergic signaling. The network of neurons discharging during population events comprises both subicular interneurons and a subgroup of pyramidal cells. In these pyramidal cells, GABAergic synaptic events reversed at depolarized potentials. Depolarizing GABAergic responses in neurons downstream to the sclerotic CA1 region contribute to human interictal activity.
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TL;DR: The evidence supporting the notion that oxidative stress and the production of ROS function as physiological regulators of vascular gene expression mediated via specific redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways and transcriptional regulatory networks is summarized.
Abstract: Oxidative stress and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. In excess, ROS and their byproducts that are capable of causing oxidative damage may be cytotoxic to cells. However, it is now well established that moderate amounts of ROS play a role in signal transduction processes such as cell growth and posttranslational modification of proteins. Oxidants, antioxidants, and other determinants of the intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Recent insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis suggest that this disease may be viewed as an inflammatory disease linked to an abnormality in oxidation-mediated signals in the vasculature. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the notion that oxidative stress and the production of ROS function as physiological regulators of vascular gene expression mediated via specific redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways and transcriptional regulatory networks. Elucidating, at the molecular level, the regulatory processes involved in redox-sensitive vascular gene expression represents a foundation not only for understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases but also for the development of novel therapeutic treatment strategies.
800 citations
"Antihypertensive effect of giant em..." refers background in this paper
...…coronary heart disease at different stages, including vascular endothelial cell damage, foam cell formation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, gene expression of blood pressure‐related factors, impaired vasomotor reactivity, and plaque instability (Giugliano, 2000; Kunsch & Medford, 1999)....
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TL;DR: Recent findings have started to unravel the operation of central GABA synapses where inhibitory events appear to result from the synchronous opening of only tens of GABAA receptors activated by a saturating concentration of GABA.
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