Antimicrobial Activity Of Some Indian Medicinal Plants
14 Oct 2008-African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines (Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med)-Vol. 4, Iss: 3, pp 313-318
TL;DR: Water extracts of Acacia nilotica, Justicia zelanica, Lantana camara and Saraca asoca exhibited good activity against all the bacteria tested and the MIC was recorded in range of 9.375-37.5 microg/ml.
Abstract: The antimicrobial potential of seventy-seven extracts from twenty-four plants was screened against eight bacteria and four pathogenic fungi, using microbroth dilution assay. Lowest concentration of the extract, which inhibits any visual microbial growth after treatment with p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet, was considered to be minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Water extracts of Acacia nilotica, Justicia zelanica, Lantana camara and Saraca asoca exhibited good activity against all the bacteria tested and the MIC was recorded in range of 9.375-37.5 microg/ml and 75.0-300.0 microg/ml against the bacterial and fungal pathogens, respectively. The other extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria, Thevetia nerifolia, Jatropha gossypifolia Saraca asoca, Tamarindus indica, Aegle marmelos, Acacia nilotica, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Mangifera indica, Woodfordia fruticosa and Phyllanthus emblica showed antimicrobial activity in a range of 75-1200 microg/ml.
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22 Sep 2017
TL;DR: There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health, so a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed.
Abstract: There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health. Thus, a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed. More than 8000 different phenolic compounds have been characterized; fruits and vegetables are the prime sources of natural antioxidants. In order to extract, measure, and identify bioactive compounds from a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, researchers use multiple techniques and methods. This review includes a brief description of a wide range of different assays. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of phenolic natural products from fruits and vegetables are also discussed.
942 citations
Cites background from "Antimicrobial Activity Of Some Indi..."
...The antibacterial ability of the ethanol extract effectively inhibited Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but was less effective against Pseudomonas species and Staphylococcus aureus [122]....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The biological activities of some isolated chemical constituents of A. marmelos are covered and preclinical studies on some crude extracts and pure compounds to explore novel bioactive compounds for therapeutic application are covered.
Abstract: Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.) is an important medicinal plant of India. Leaves, fruits, stem and roots of A. marmelos have been used in ethno medicine to exploit its’ medicinal properties including astringent, antidiarrheal antidysenteric, demulcent, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds purified from bael have been proven to be biologically active against several major diseases including cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Preclinical studies indicate the therapeutic potential of crude extracts of A. marmelos in the treatment of many microbial diseases, diabetes and gastric ulcer. This review covers the biological activities of some isolated chemical constituents of A.marmelos and preclinical studies on some crude extracts and pure compounds to explore novel bioactive compounds for therapeutic application.
242 citations
TL;DR: The genus Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) comprises of about 170 species of woody trees, shrubs, subshrubs or herbs in the seasonally dry tropics of the Old and the New World used in medicinal folklore to cure various diseases of 80% of the human population in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
215 citations
Cites background from "Antimicrobial Activity Of Some Indi..."
...The root is used to dysentery India Dabur et al. (2007) Decoction of the plant is used to treat wound and reduce pain. Hunters use this plant to cure snakebites, scorpion stings, injuries and mange of their dogs wound, sores and swelling treatment Trinidad Lans et al. (2001) Tobago and Trinidad Lans (2007)...
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...…et al. (2006) investigated the phorbol ester concentration in the seed kernels of four hytochemistry and pharmacology of several Jatropha species (Euphorbia.2012.10.009 The root is used to dysentery India Dabur et al. (2007) Decoction of the plant is used to treat wound and reduce pain....
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...The root is used to dysentery India Dabur et al. (2007) Decoction of the plant is used to treat wound and reduce pain....
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TL;DR: The oil, and extracts of Trachyspermum ammi fruits displayed remarkable anti-bacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004, Salmonella typhimurium K CTC 2515, Enterobactor aerogens KCTT 2190 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538.
164 citations
TL;DR: From the screening experiment, Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz showed best antibacterial activity, and may be used further to isolate and evaluate the therapeutic antimicrobials.
Abstract: Thirty four medicinal plants, belonging to twenty eight different families, were screened for potential antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, viz.Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae NCIM2719, Proteus mirabilis NCIM 2241, Proteus vulgaris NCTC8313,and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC23564. Antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts was tested by the agar disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. The ethanol/methanol extracts were more active than aqueous extracts for all the plants studied. The most susceptible bacterium was K. pneumoniae, while the most resistant bacteria were S. typhimurium and E. coli. From the screening experiment, Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.showed best antibacterial activity. Hence, this plant may be used further to isolate and evaluate the therapeutic antimicrobials.
Key words: Medicinal plants, antibacterial activity, aqueous extracts, alcoholic extracts, Enterobacteriaceae
141 citations
Cites background from "Antimicrobial Activity Of Some Indi..."
...Dabur et al. (2007) studied antibacterial activity of some Indian medicinal plants that could inhibit various bacterial strains, including E. coli, S. typhimurium and P. vulgaris....
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References
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TL;DR: The aqueous extracts of Gunnera perpensa and Harpephyllum caffrum were most active against all the tested bacteria and in antifungal screening, good activity was shown by the ethanolic extracts of Bersama lucens and HarPEphyllums caffrums.
231 citations
"Antimicrobial Activity Of Some Indi..." refers methods in this paper
...Antibacterial screening Antibacterial activities of the extracts were determined by the microbroth dilution assay as described by Buwa and Staden (2006)....
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TL;DR: Overall, the studies indicated that readings from the lower inoculum obtained on the second day of reading result in the greatest interlaboratory agreement, which will be used by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards to develop a standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing for yeasts.
Abstract: Thirteen laboratories collaborated to optimize interlaboratory agreement of results of a broth macrodilution procedure for testing three classes of antifungal drugs against pathogenic yeasts. The activities of amphotericin B, flucytosine, and ketoconazole were tested against 100 coded isolates of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida lusitaniae, Torulopsis (Candida) glabrata, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Two starting yeast inoculum sizes (5 x 10(4) and 2.5 x 10(3) cells per ml) were compared, and readings were taken after 24 and 48 h of incubation. All other test conditions were standardized. The resultant turbidities in all tubes were estimated visually on a scale from 0 to 4+ turbidity, and MIC-0, MIC-1, and MIC-2 were defined as the lowest drug concentrations that reduced growth to 0, 1+, or 2+ turbidity, respectively. For flucytosine, agreement among laboratories varied between 57 and 87% for different inocula, times of incubation, and end point criteria. Agreement was maximized (85%) when the lower inoculum was incubated for 2 days and the MICs were defined as 1+ turbidity or less. For amphotericin B, variations in test conditions produced much smaller differences in interlaboratory agreement. For ketoconazole, interlaboratory agreement was poorer by all end point criteria. However, MIC-2 endpoints distinguished T. glabrata as resistant compared with the other species. Overall, the studies indicated that readings from the lower inoculum obtained on the second day of reading result in the greatest interlaboratory agreement. In combination with data from previous multicenter studies (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Antifungal Susceptibility Testing: Committee Report, Vol. 5, No. 17, 1988; M. A. Pfaller, L. Burmeister, M. S. Bartlett, and M. G. Rinaldi, J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:1437-1441, 1988; M. A. Pfaller, M. G. Rinaldi, J. N. Galgiani, M. S. Bartlett, B.A. Body, A. Espinel-Ingroff, R.A. Fromtling, G.S. Hall, C.E. Hughes, F. C. Odds, and A. M. SUgar, J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:1648-1654, 1990), these findings will be used by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards to develop a standardized method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing for yeasts.
188 citations
"Antimicrobial Activity Of Some Indi..." refers methods in this paper
...All the extracts were dissolved in DMSO to achieve a concentration of 2400 µg/ml. Microbroth dilution assay for Candida albicans was performed as described by Espinel- Fromtling et al (1993)....
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TL;DR: Invasive fungal infections have become a major source of morbidity and mortality in the modern surgical intensive care unit (SICU), and early systemic treatment is warranted as mentioned in this paper, however, for the most critically ill patient amphotericin B remains the treatment of choice.
Abstract: Invasive fungal infections have become a major source of morbidity and mortality in the modern surgical intensive care unit. Patients at risk for invasion and dissemination are common, and are not as ill as thought previously. Severity of illness (APACHE II score >10, ventilator use for >48 hours), antibiotics, central venous lines, total parenteral nutrition, burns, and immunosuppression are the most common risk factors. Recognition of these risk factors should arouse a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of invasion or dissemination. Unfortunately, laboratory tests alone lack sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the diagnosis of invasion and dissemination in the majority of cases requires the acquisition and proper interpretation of clinical evidence. Once the diagnosis is made, early systemic treatment is warranted. Reported toxicity and efficacy supports the use of fluconazole for most patients with invasive fungal infections. However, for the most critically ill patient amphotericin B remains the treatment of choice.
125 citations
TL;DR: Sequencing of the mecA gene resident in mutant VM50 indicated the presence of a 19-bp duplication between nucleotide residues 280-298, leading to the generation of a stop codon TAA starting at nucleotide position 286.
Abstract: Acquisition of high-level resistance to vancomycin in the laboratory mutant VM50 (vancomycin MIC increased from 1.5 to 100 μg/ml) was accompanied by the appearance of a heterogeneous phenotype and a virtual loss in methicillin resistance: in most cells of cultures of VM50 the methicillin MIC of the parental strain was reduced from 800 to 1.5 μg/ml with only a subpopulation (10−5) retaining methicillin resistance at near the parental level (MIC of 400 μg/ml). Interestingly, the vancomycin MIC of this subpopulation was less (25 μg/ml) than that of VM50 (100 μg/ml). A similar antagonism between methicillin and vancomycin resistance levels was observed upon introduction of an intact mecA into VM50 on a plasmid vector: methicillin resistance of the majority of cells increased from 1.5 to 100 μg/ml while the vancomycin MIC declined from 100 to 12/25 μg/ml. Membrane preparations from mutant VM50 showed no detectable penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2A by the fluorographic assay. Sequencing of the mecA g...
78 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Two proteins having molecular weights of 42 and 58 kD of Aspergillus fumigatus are potential targets for compound 1, which was endowed with antifungal activity and its MIC was found to be 87.5 microg/ml.
Abstract: Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Datura metel Linn. led to the isolation of a new pyrrole derivative 1 which was characterised as 2beta-(3,4-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1'-methylethyl pentanoate on the basis of spectral data analyses and chemical reactions. Compound 1 was endowed with antifungal activity and its MIC was found to be 87.5 microg/ml. Two proteins having molecular weights of 42 and 58 kD of Aspergillus fumigatus are potential targets for compound 1.
72 citations
"Antimicrobial Activity Of Some Indi..." refers methods in this paper
...The powdered plant materials were extracted successively with n-hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol and water to afford corresponding fractions (Dabur et al, 2004)....
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...The cultures were incubated for 48 h at 37 oC (Dabur et al, 2004)....
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