scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal Article

Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Echinoidea)

TL;DR: Screening and comparing antimicrobial and hemolytic activities in different organs/tissues of the sea urchin suggest that marine echinoderms are a potential source of new types of antibiotics for pharmaceutical development.
Abstract: The recent appearance of a growing number of bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics has stimulated the search for novel antimicrobial agents or lead compounds from a variety of sources, including natural sources crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms, with particular interest on their secondary metabolites with desirable antimicrobial properties (Haug et al, 2002, Casas et al, 2010). Antimicrobial activity in several species of echinoderms collected from Gulf of California, Mexico, Caribbean and Coast of Norway has been reported (Rinehart et al, 1981; Bryan et al, 1994; Haug et al, 2002). In addition, a variety of antimicrobial factors, including steroidal glycosides (Andersson et al, 1989), polyhydroxylated sterols (Iorizzi et al, 1995), naphthoquinone pigments (Service and Wardlaw, 1984), lysozymes (Canicatti and Roch, 1989; Stabili and Pagliara, 1994), complement like substances (Leonard et al, 1990) and antimicrobial peptides (Beauregard et al, 2001) have also been isolated from echinoderms. These findings suggest that marine echinoderms are a potential source of new types of antibiotics for pharmaceutical development. Tripneustes gratilla (Echinoidea) collected from the Kenyan Coast. Unfortunately, in most of these studies on antimicrobial activity in echinoderms, whole bodies or body walls have been tested for activity. Recently, Haug et al. (2002) observed wide differences in antibacterial activities between different extracts and organs/tissues, as well as between species, of three echinoderms. Whether the same antibacterial factors are responsible for the activity in all organs or tissues remains unclear. The present work focused on screening and comparing antimicrobial and hemolytic activities in different organs/tissues of the sea urchin
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that marine Hurghada’s Holothuria species are a potential source for the discovery of natural antibiotics.

36 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The potential of farmed A. lixula as a new source of the active stereoisomer of astaxanthin is highlighted, which is known to have particular bioactivity for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Abstract: Several echinoderms, including sea urchins, are valuable sources of bioactive compounds but their nutraceutical potential is largely unexplored. In fact, the gonads of some sea urchin species contain antioxidants including carotenoids and polyhydroxylated naphthoquinones (PHNQ’s), such as echinochrome A. Astaxanthin is known to have particular bioactivity for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. This carotenoid is produced by microalgae, while several marine invertebrates can bioaccumulate or synthetize it from metabolic precursors. We determined the carotenoid content and analyzed the bioactivity potential of non-harvested Atlantic-Mediterranean sea urchin Arbacia lixula. The comparison of methanol crude extracts obtained from eggs of farmed and wild specimens revealed a higher bioactivity in farmed individuals fed with a customized fodder. HPLC-analysis revealed a high concentration of astaxanthin (27.0 μg/mg), which was the only pigment observed. This study highlights the potential of farmed A. lixula as a new source of the active stereoisomer of astaxanthin.

19 citations

01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the correlation between antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant extracts and found that plants with high antioxidant properties have high antimicrobial properties too, such as the extract of Myrtus and rosemary that were the most effective extracts on bacteria.
Abstract: Background and purpose: Measurement of DPPH free radical scavenging is a valid, accurate, and easy method with high repeatability in evaluating the in vitro antioxidant activity of plant extracts. A positive correlation is reported between antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant extracts. Materials and methods: The extracts were prepared and DPPH was used to determine free radical-scavenging activity. Antimicrobial effects of hydro-ethanol extract on the bacteria was surveyed using diffusion method in a culture medium Mueller-Hinton agar by paper discs (6 mm) based on Bauer and Kirby instructions. Results: The ability of medicinal plant extracts in scavenging free radicals was found to be higher in the extracts of Myrtus (89.583 μg/mL) and rosemary (80.921 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the extracts increased by increase in concentration of the extract. Meanwhile, in low concentrations of the extract (16 and 32 μg/mL) the highest antioxidant activity of the extract was found in Myrtus and then Rosemary, but at high concentrations (64 μg/mL) it was seen in Teucrium polium extract. Rosemary extract was found to be effective against Escherichia coli and Myrtus extract was the most effective on Listeria bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The results showed that plants with high antioxidant properties have high antimicrobial activity too, such as the extract of Myrtus and rosemary that were the most effective extracts on bacteria.

14 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an unreported cembrane type of diterpenoid, which was characterised as 4-hydroxy-1-(16-methoxyprop-16-en-15-yl)-8-methyl-21,22-dioxatricyclo[11.15,8]octadecane-3,19-dione by spectroscopic experiments, exhibited greater inhibitory potential against inflammatory agent 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 2.01 mM) than that exhibited by synthetic ib
Abstract: Chemical investigation of pharmacologically active compounds from the Echinoidea sea urchin Stomopneustes variolaris resulted in the separation of an unreported cembrane type of diterpenoid, which was characterised as 4-hydroxy-1-(16-methoxyprop-16-en-15-yl)-8-methyl-21,22-dioxatricyclo[11.3.1.15,8]octadecane-3,19-dione by spectroscopic experiments. The compound exhibited greater inhibitory potential against inflammatory agent 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 2.01 mM) than that exhibited by synthetic ibuprofen (IC50 4.50 mM). The selectivity ratio of cyclooxygenase-1 to cyclooxygenase-2 for the studied compound was found to be greater (1.25) than that of ibuprofen (0.43), which could be accounted for the prospective anti-inflammatory property of the cembrane-type diterpenoid against inducible pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2. Potent antioxidant activity of the studied compound was characterised by its greater scavenging effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid radicals (IC50 1.41 and 1.61 mM, respectively) than the standard antioxidative agent α-tocopherol (IC50 1.51 and 1.70 mM, respectively). The greater electronic parameters (topological polar surface area of 82.06) together with two hydrogen bonded interactions at the active site of cyclooxygenase-2 and lesser binding energy (−8.91 kcal/mol) corroborated its prospective anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, the presently studied cembrane-type diterpenoid could be utilised in medicinal formulations as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.

12 citations


Cites background from "Antimicrobial activity of various e..."

  • ...The sea urchins were reported with different pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities (Abubakar et al. 2012; Pozharitskaya et al. 2015; Archana and Babu 2016)....

    [...]

References
More filters
Book
01 Jun 1994

244 citations

Book
01 Dec 2003
TL;DR: Basic laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology, Basic laboratory procedures for clinical bacteriological procedures, and more.
Abstract: Basic laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology , Basic laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

223 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results from the current study suggest that marine echinoderms are a potential source for the discovery of novel antibiotics.

183 citations


"Antimicrobial activity of various e..." refers background in this paper

  • ...All rights reserved. crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms, with particular interest on their secondary metabolites with desirable antimicrobial properties (Haug et al, 2002, Casas et al, 2010)....

    [...]

  • ...The egg extracts of other marine invertebrates have also been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity (Benkendorff et al, 2001; Haug et al, 2002)....

    [...]

  • ...Recently, Haug et al. (2002) observed wide differences in antibacterial activities between different extracts and organs/tissues, as well as between species, of three echinoderms....

    [...]

  • ...Antimicrobial activity in several species of echinoderms collected from Gulf of California, Mexico, Caribbean and Coast of Norway has been reported (Rinehart et al, 1981; Bryan et al, 1994; Haug et al, 2002)....

    [...]

  • ...This is an interesting observation since hemolytic activity appears to be common in extracts that show high antibacterial activity (Guzman et al, 1993; Haug et al, 2002)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For example, didemnins, depsipeptides isolated from a didemnid tunicate, which inhibit a number of RNA and DNA viruses and exhibit potent cytotoxicity vs. tumor cell lines, have been confirmed in more extensive assays against tumor cells, pathogenic microorganisms and a battery of viruses as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Extracts of marine species from Baja California and the Caribbean have been examined on shipboard for a variety of bioactlvities and their constituents studied there by gas chromatography! mass spectrometry. A very high proportion of the extracts has been shown to be cytotoxic, a high proportion to be antibacterial or antifungal and a surprisingly large number to be antiviral. Many of these activities have been confirmed in more extensive assays against tumor cells, pathogenic microorganisms and a battery of viruses. A number of the compounds responsible for the activities have been identified, including several new compounds. Of special current interest are the didemnins, depsipeptides isolated from a didemnid tunicate, which inhibit a number of RNA and DNA viruses and exhibit potent cytotoxicity vs. tumor cell lines. Systematic studies of marine natural products can be directed toward a particular phylum, such as sponges (Ref. 1), toward a particular class of compounds, such as sterols (Ref. 2), toward a class of compounds in a phylum, such as terpenes in gorgonians (Ref. 3), or toward a particular bioactivity, such as antineoplastic activity (Ref. 4). Our own interest in marine natural products arose initially out of our continuing studies on antibiotics (Ref. 5), and has been directed toward compounds possessing antimicrobial (antibacterial or antifungal) or, more recently, antiviral or antineoplastic activity. In the first instance, we sought to determine whether such activities are widely distributed among the marine phyla and, in the second instance, to ascertain whether the compounds responsible for the activities are of novel Or useful structural types. The primary collecting of marine species for examination was carried out during two expeditions (in 1974 and 1978) aboard the R/V Alpha Helix, a research vessel with laboratory space designed for marine biology and biochemistry studies and sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. During each of these expeditions a comprehensive survey of specific bioactivities was carried out on shipboard, with assays designed to use small samples of the marine species (to avoid ecological disruption) on site (to allow recollection of species with significant activity). The first of these expeditions (AHBE 1974) examined the antimicrobial activities of some 831 species along the west coast of Baja California and in the *This paper is dedicated to the memory of Werner Bergmann, a pioneer in studies of marine natural products and an inspiring teacher of Yale students.

161 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that a wide range of invertebrates use chemical defense to protect their early stage embryos against bacterial infection.

134 citations


"Antimicrobial activity of various e..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The egg extracts of other marine invertebrates have also been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity (Benkendorff et al, 2001; Haug et al, 2002)....

    [...]