Antimicrobial effect of chitooligosaccharides produced by bioreactor
TL;DR: In this paper, the antibacterial effect of three kinds of chitooligosaccharides with relatively higher molecular weights (HMWCOS), medium molecular weight (MMWCOS), and lower molecular weight, respectively, was evaluated against various microorganisms.
About: This article is published in Carbohydrate Polymers.The article was published on 2001-01-01. It has received 643 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Antibacterial agent & Ultrafiltration.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The paper reviews the current trend of investigation on antimicrobial activities of chitosan and its mode of action and different physical states are comparatively discussed.
2,260 citations
Cites background from "Antimicrobial effect of chitooligos..."
...Moreover, it has been reported that asparagine N-conjugated chitosan oligosaccharide that possesses two positively-charged sites provides strong interaction with carboxyl-negative charges on the bacteria cell wall (Jeon et al., 2001)....
[...]
...interaction with carboxyl-negative charges on the bacteria cell wall (Jeon et al., 2001)....
[...]
TL;DR: Several selected pharmaceutical and biomedical applications are presented, in which chitin and chitosan are recognized as new biomaterials taking advantage of their biocompatibility and biodegradability.
Abstract: This review describes the most common methods for recovery of chitin from marine organisms. In depth, both enzymatic and chemical treatments for the step of deproteinization are compared, as well as different conditions for demineralization. The conditions of chitosan preparation are also discussed, since they significantly impact the synthesis of chitosan with varying degree of acetylation (DA) and molecular weight (MW). In addition, the main characterization techniques applied for chitin and chitosan are recalled, pointing out the role of their solubility in relation with the chemical structure (mainly the acetyl group distribution along the backbone). Biological activities are also presented, such as: antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and antioxidant. Interestingly, the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity is demonstrated for chitosan molecules with different DA and MW and homogeneous distribution of acetyl groups for the first time. In the end, several selected pharmaceutical and biomedical applications are presented, in which chitin and chitosan are recognized as new biomaterials taking advantage of their biocompatibility and biodegradability.
1,554 citations
TL;DR: Results show that chitosan nanoparticles and copper-loaded nanoparticles could inhibit the growth of various bacteria tested and exposed to S. choleraesuis led to the disruption of cell membranes and the leakage of cytoplasm.
1,490 citations
TL;DR: Antibacterial activities of chitosan was inversely affected by pH (pH 4.5-5.9 range tested), with higher activity at lower pH value, and bactericidal effects with gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria in the presence of 0.1% chitOSan.
1,382 citations
TL;DR: Three possible and accepted antimicrobial mechanisms for chitosan are presented and the activity dependence on polymeric molecular weight and degree of acetylation are described.
Abstract: Chitosan, a versatile hydrophilic polysaccharide derived from chitin, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum to which gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and fungi are highly susceptible. In the current review, three possible and accepted antimicrobial mechanisms for chitosan are presented and briefly discussed. The activity dependence on polymeric molecular weight (MW) and degree of acetylation (DA) are described. The chitosan minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) are summarized according to recent data found in the literature. The potential to improve inhibitory growth of bacteria by using water soluble chitosan derivatives is also discussed. The data indicate that the effectiveness of chitosan varies and is dependent on species of target microorganisms.
1,048 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: Fungal chitosan had significantly less antibiotic effect than CH and CL, and was shown to be concentration dependent with 0.1 mg/mL more effective than 2.0 and 5.0 mg/ mL.
Abstract: The antibacterial action of chitosan hydroglutamate (CH), chitosan lactate (CL) and chitosan derived from fungal mycelia was examined against both gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria. Plate counts indicated inactivation rates of one‐ to five‐log‐cycles within one hour. Fungal chitosan had significantly less antibiotic effect than CH and CL. The antibacterial action of CH and CL was very similar and shown to be concentration dependent with 0.1 mg/mL more effective than 2.0 and 5.0 mg/mL. When CH (or CL) and polygalacturonate were added to cell suspensions, death was prevented, possibly indicating that chitosan complexed with polygalacturonate could not penetrate the cell or disrupt the membrane. Leakage of intracellular components caused by chitosan was determined by exposing lactose‐induced Escherichia coli to chitosan with assay for s‐galactosidase activity indicating that cell permeabilization occurred more extensively at the low chitosan concentrations. Microscopic examination showed that...
883 citations
[...]
TL;DR: The article contains sections titled: 1.
Abstract: The article contains sections titled:
1. Introduction
2. Molecular Structure and Conformation
2.1. Chitin
2.2. Chitosan
3. Raw Materials and Production
3.1. Isolation of Chitin from Crab and Shrimp Shells
3.2. Preparation of Chitosan from Chitin
4. Metabolism and Biosynthesis
5. Chemical Properties
5.1. Reactions on the Amino Group
5.1.1. N-Acylation
5.1.2. Formation of N-Alkylidene and N-Arylidene Derivatives
5.1.3. N-Alkylation and N-Arylation
5.2. Reactions at the Hydroxyl Group
5.3. Reactions at C-6
5.4. Graft Polymerization on Chitin and Chitosan
6. Application Forms and Formulations
7. Uses
8. Economic Aspects
9. Toxicology and Environmental Aspects
598 citations
TL;DR: Chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, inhibited the growth of many fungi, including plant and animal pathogens, and was insensitive to its fungicidal effects.
518 citations
TL;DR: Effect of chitosan coating on decay of strawberry fruits held at 13 C was investigated and it was found that decay caused by B. cinerea or R. stolonifer was markedly reduced by chitOSan coating.
Abstract: Effect of chitosan coating on decay of strawberry fruits held at 13 C was investigated Strawberry fruits were inoculated with spore suspensions of Botrytis cinerea or Rhizopus stolonifer and subsequently coated with chitosan solutions (10 or 15 mg/ml) After 14 days of storage, decay caused by B cinerea or R stolonifer was markedly reduced by chitosan coating Decay was not reduced further when the concentration of chitosan coating was increased from 10 to 15 mg/ml Coating intact strawberries with chitosan did not stimulate chitinase, chitosanase, or β-1,3-blucanase activities in the tissue as revealed by polyacrylamide gel assays ()
493 citations
436 citations