Antimicrobial peptides and gut microbiota in homeostasis and pathology
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TLDR
Recent research suggests that advancing the understanding of the circumstances of such balanced and sometimes imbalanced interactions between gut microbiota and host AMPs should have therapeutic implications for different intestinal disorders.Abstract:
We survive because we adapted to a world of microorganisms. All our epithelial surfaces participate in keeping up an effective barrier against microbes while not initiating ongoing inflammatory processes and risking collateral damage to the host. Major players in this scenario are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Such broad-spectrum innate antibiotics are in part produced by specialized cells but also widely sourced from all epithelia as well as circulating inflammatory cells. AMPs belong to an ancient defense system found in all organisms and participated in a preservative co-evolution with a complex microbiome. Particularly interesting interactions between host barrier and microbiota can be found in the gut. The intestinal cell lining not only has to maintain a tightly regulated homeostasis during its high-throughput regeneration, but also a balanced relationship towards an extreme number of mutualistic or commensal inhabitants. Recent research suggests that advancing our understanding of the circumstances of such balanced and sometimes imbalanced interactions between gut microbiota and host AMPs should have therapeutic implications for different intestinal disorders.read more
Citations
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Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that modulating the gut microbiota can serve as a potential method for regulating intestinal permeability and may help to alter the course of autoimmune diseases in susceptible individuals.
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Anxiety, Depression, and the Microbiome: A Role for Gut Peptides.
TL;DR: The gut microbiota is discussed as a regulator of anxiety and depression, the role of gut-derived peptides as signaling molecules in microbiome–gut–brain communication is explored, and gut peptide concentrations vary according to the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
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Peptidoglycan recognition by the innate immune system
TL;DR: This Review discusses new insights into the role of peptidoglycan recognition in inflammation, metabolism, immune homeostasis and disease and focuses on the mechanisms that are used by mammalian cells.
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Human microbiomes and their roles in dysbiosis, common diseases, and novel therapeutic approaches
TL;DR: An outlook on recent findings on the human microbiomes, their impact on health and diseases, and on the development of targeted therapies is provided.
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Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies
TL;DR: Modulation of gut microbiota represents a new strategy for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and probiotics appear an attractive option in terms of both efficacy and safety, while prebiotics, synbiotics and antibiotics still need confirmation.
References
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