Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay.

doi:10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3

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Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay.

Journal Article•DOI•

Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay.

Roberta Re¹, Nicoletta Pellegrini¹, Anna R. Proteggente¹, Ananth S. Pannala¹, Min Yang¹, Catherine Rice-Evans¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

King's College¹

01 May 1999-Free Radical Biology and Medicine (Free Radic Biol Med)-Vol. 26, Iss: 910, pp 1231-1237

TL;DR: A method for the screening of antioxidant activity is reported as a decolorization assay applicable to both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants, including flavonoids, hydroxycinnamates, carotenoids, and plasma antioxidants.

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About: This article is published in Free Radical Biology and Medicine.The article was published on 1999-05-01. It has received 18580 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity & ABTS.

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Journal Article•DOI•

The Chemistry behind Antioxidant Capacity Assays

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Dejian Huang¹, Boxin Ou, Ronald L. Prior•Institutions (1)

National University of Singapore¹

25 Feb 2005-Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

TL;DR: This analysis suggests that the total phenols assay by FCR be used to quantify an antioxidant's reducing capacity and the ORAC assay to quantify peroxyl radical scavenging capacity, to comprehensively study different aspects of antioxidants.

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Abstract: This review summarizes the multifaceted aspects of antioxidants and the basic kinetic models of inhibited autoxidation and analyzes the chemical principles of antioxidant capacity assays. Depending upon the reactions involved, these assays can roughly be classified into two types: assays based on hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions and assays based on electron transfer (ET). The majority of HAT-based assays apply a competitive reaction scheme, in which antioxidant and substrate compete for thermally generated peroxyl radicals through the decomposition of azo compounds. These assays include inhibition of induced low-density lipoprotein autoxidation, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and crocin bleaching assays. ET-based assays measure the capacity of an antioxidant in the reduction of an oxidant, which changes color when reduced. The degree of color change is correlated with the sample's antioxidant concentrations. ET-based assays include th...

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5,354 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Standardized Methods for the Determination of Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolics in Foods and Dietary Supplements

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Ronald L. Prior¹, Xianli Wu¹, Karen M. Schaich¹•Institutions (1)

United States Department of Agriculture¹

26 Apr 2005-Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

TL;DR: Methods available for the measurement of antioxidant capacity are reviewed, presenting the general chemistry underlying the assays, the types of molecules detected, and the most important advantages and shortcomings of each method.

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Abstract: Methods available for the measurement of antioxidant capacity are reviewed, presenting the general chemistry underlying the assays, the types of molecules detected, and the most important advantages and shortcomings of each method. This overview provides a basis and rationale for developing standardized antioxidant capacity methods for the food, nutraceutical, and dietary supplement industries. From evaluation of data presented at the First International Congress on Antioxidant Methods in 2004 and in the literature, as well as consideration of potential end uses of antioxidants, it is proposed that procedures and applications for three assays be considered for standardization: the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and possibly the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. ORAC represent a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction mechanism, which is most relevant to human biology. The Folin-Ciocalteu method is an electron transfer (ET) based assay and gives reducing capacity, which has normally been expressed as phenolic contents. The TEAC assay represents a second ET-based method. Other assays may need to be considered in the future as more is learned about some of the other radical sources and their importance to human biology.

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4,580 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties.

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Jin Dai, Russell J. Mumper

21 Oct 2010-Molecules

TL;DR: The anticancer effects of phenolics in-vitro and in- vivo animal models are viewed, including recent human intervention studies, and possible mechanisms of action involving antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity as well as interference with cellular functions are discussed.

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Abstract: Phenolics are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom and are the most abundant secondary metabolites of plants. Plant polyphenols have drawn increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and their marked effects in the prevention of various oxidative stress associated diseases such as cancer. In the last few years, the identification and development of phenolic compounds or extracts from different plants has become a major area of health- and medical-related research. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on phenolic extraction, purification, analysis and quantification as well as their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of phenolics in-vitro and in-vivo animal models are viewed, including recent human intervention studies. Finally, possible mechanisms of action involving antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity as well as interference with cellular functions are discussed.

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3,213 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer.

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Yi-Zhong Cai¹, Qiong Luo², Mei Sun¹, Harold Corke¹•Institutions (2)

University of Hong Kong¹, Wuhan University²

12 Mar 2004-Life Sciences

TL;DR: Traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer might be potential sources of potent natural antioxidants and beneficial chemopreventive agents, and contain significantly higher levels of phenolics than common vegetables and fruits.

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2,562 citations

Cites methods from "Antioxidant activity applying an im..."

...Specially, Re et al....
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...+ method (Re et al., 1999) in this study....
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...+ method as described by Re et al....
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...+ method established by Re et al....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids.

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Bent H. Havsteen¹•Institutions (1)

University of Kiel¹

01 Nov 2002-Pharmacology & Therapeutics

TL;DR: Flavonoids are plant pigments that are synthesised from phenylalanine, generally display marvelous colors known from flower petals, mostly emit brilliant fluorescence when they are excited by UV light, and are ubiquitous to green plant cells.

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2,424 citations

Cites background from "Antioxidant activity applying an im..."

...Flavonoids offer protection from free radicals by their scavenging ability (Uma Devi et al., 1999; Re et al., 1999; Merati et al., 1992)....
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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids

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Catherine Rice-Evans¹, Nicholas J. Miller¹, George Paganga¹•Institutions (1)

Guy's Hospital¹

01 Jan 1996-Free Radical Biology and Medicine

TL;DR: The factors underlying the influence of the different classes of polyphenols in enhancing their resistance to oxidation are discussed and support the contention that the partition coefficients of the flavonoids as well as their rates of reaction with the relevant radicals define the antioxidant activities in the lipophilic phase.

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8,513 citations

Additional excerpts

...Generation of the ABTS [2,29-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical cation [18] forms the basis of one of the spectrophotometric methods that have been applied to the measurement of the total antioxidant activity of solutions of pure substances [12,19,20], aqueous mixtures and beverages [7,8]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A Novel Method for Measuring Antioxidant Capacity and its Application to Monitoring the Antioxidant Status in Premature Neonates

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Nicholas J. Miller, Catherine Rice-Evans, Michael J. Davies¹, Vimala Gopinathan², Anthony D Milner² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

University of York¹, St Thomas' Hospital²

01 Apr 1993-Clinical Science

TL;DR: The method has been applied to investigate the total plasma antioxidant capacity of neonates and how this may be compromised in prematurity, and an antioxidant ranking was established based on their reactivity relative to a 1.0 mmol/l Trolox standard.

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Abstract: 1. A new method has been developed for measuring the total antioxidant capacity of body fluids and drug solutions, based on the absorbance of the ABTS.+ radical cation. 2. An automated method for use on a centrifugal analyser, as well as a manual method, is described. 3. The procedure has been applied to physiological antioxidant compounds and radical-scavenging drugs, and an antioxidant ranking was established based on their reactivity relative to a 1.0 mmol/l Trolox standard. 4. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of plasma from an adult reference population has been measured, and the method optimized and validated. 5. The method has been applied to investigate the total plasma antioxidant capacity of neonates and how this may be compromised in prematurity.

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2,844 citations

"Antioxidant activity applying an im..." refers background or methods in this paper

...The TEAC values obtained are close to those obtained by myoglobin/ABTS assay [1,13], with the latter two being slightly higher....
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...a stock standard, as described previously [1]....
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...A number of assays have been introduced for the measurement of the total antioxidant activity of body fluids [1–6], food extracts [7–11], and pure compounds [7,12– 16]....
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...815 nm, as reported previously [1,13,17], as well as the...
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Journal Article•DOI•

The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids

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Catherine Rice-Evans¹, Nicholas J. Miller¹, Paul G. Bolwell², Peter M. Bramley², J.B. Pridham² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Guy's Hospital¹, Royal Holloway, University of London²

01 Jan 1995-Free Radical Research

TL;DR: The relative antioxidant activities, against radicals generated in the aqueous phase, of a range of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids, constituents of fruit, vegetables, tea and wine, have been assessed and compounds such as quercetin and cyanidin have antioxidant potentials four times that of Trolox, the vitamin E analogue.

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Abstract: The relative antioxidant activities, against radicals generated in the aqueous phase, of a range of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids, constituents of fruit, vegetables, tea and wine, have been assessed. The results show that compounds such as quercetin and cyanidin, with 3′,4′ dihydroxy substituents in the B ring and conjugation between the A and B rings, have antioxidant potentials four times that of Trolox, the vitamin E analogue. Removing the ortho-dihydroxy substitution, as in kaempferol, or the potential for electron deloculisation by reducing the 2.3 double bond in the C ring, as in catechin and epicatechin, decreases the antioxidant activity by more than 50%. but these structures are still more effective than α-tocopherol or ascorbate. The relative significance of the positions and extents of hydroxylation of the A and B rings to the total antioxidant activity of these plant polyphenols is demonstrated.

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2,101 citations

"Antioxidant activity applying an im..." refers methods in this paper

...Applying the ABTS decolorization assay (based on potassium persulfate), the value derived from the area under the time-dependency curve and the original TEAC assay based on ABTS/myoglobin assay [19]....
[...]
...Generation of the ABTS [2,29-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical cation [18] forms the basis of one of the spectrophotometric methods that have been applied to the measurement of the total antioxidant activity of solutions of pure substances [12,19,20], aqueous mixtures and beverages [7,8]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Total Antioxidant Capacity of Fruits

[...]

Hong Wang¹, Guohua Cao¹, Ronald L. Prior¹•Institutions (1)

United States Department of Agriculture¹

19 Mar 1996-Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

TL;DR: In this article, the total antioxidant activity of 12 fruits and 5 commercial fruit juices was measured using automated oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and strawberry had the highest ORAC activity (micromoles of Trolox equivalents per gram).

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Abstract: The total antioxidant activity of 12 fruits and 5 commercial fruit juices was measured in this study using automated oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. On the basis of the wet weight of the fruits (edible portion), strawberry had the highest ORAC activity (micromoles of Trolox equivalents per gram) followed by plum, orange, red grape, kiwi fruit, pink grapefruit, white grape, banana, apple, tomato, pear, and honeydew melon. On the basis of the dry weight of the fruits, strawberry again had the highest ORAC activity followed by plum, orange, pink grapefruit, tomato, kiwi fruit, red grape, white grape, apple, honeydew melon, pear, and banana. Most of the antioxidant capacity of these fruits was from the juice fractions. The contribution of the fruit pulp fraction (extracted with acetone) to the total ORAC activity of a fruit was usually less than 10%. Among the commercial fruit juices, grape juice had the highest ORAC activity followed by grapefruit juice, tomato juice, orange juice, and apple juice.

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1,701 citations

"Antioxidant activity applying an im..." refers background in this paper

...A number of assays have been introduced for the measurement of the total antioxidant activity of body fluids [1–6], food extracts [7–11], and pure compounds [7,12– 16]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Polyphenolic Flavanols as Scavengers of Aqueous Phase Radicals and as Chain-Breaking Antioxidants

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N. Salah¹, Nicholas J. Miller, George Paganga, Lilian B. M. Tijburg, G.P. Bolwell, Catherine Rice-Evans - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

University of London¹

01 Oct 1995-Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

TL;DR: Against propagating lipid peroxyl radical species, epicatechin and catechin are as effective as ECG and EGCG, the least efficacious being EGC and GA.

...read moreread less

1,291 citations

"Antioxidant activity applying an im..." refers background in this paper

...A number of assays have been introduced for the measurement of the total antioxidant activity of body fluids [1–6], food extracts [7–11], and pure compounds [7,12– 16]....
[...]
...Generation of the ABTS [2,29-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical cation [18] forms the basis of one of the spectrophotometric methods that have been applied to the measurement of the total antioxidant activity of solutions of pure substances [12,19,20], aqueous mixtures and beverages [7,8]....
[...]