Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of selected medicinal plants from Yemen
TL;DR: Of the 30 plants tested, 13 showed antifungal activity (40%) against one ore more human pathogenic fungi, and the strongest inhibition was exhibited by Azima tetracantha, Sansevieria ehrenbergii and Solanum incanum fruits.
About: This article is published in Journal of Ethnopharmacology.The article was published on 2007-05-22. It has received 326 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Azima tetracantha & Solanum incanum.
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TL;DR: The free radical scavenging activity of different fractions obtained from successive fractionation of the six methanol extracts with organic solvents of different polarities; petroleum ether, CHCl 3, EtOAc and n-BuOH; showed that, the EtO Ac and n -BuOH fractions have the high activity with SC 50− 3 fractions have weak activity at SC 50 ≥ 200 and 100μg/ml, respectively as discussed by the authors.
337 citations
TL;DR: The results of the present investigation demonstrated significant variations in the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fennel and chamomile essential oil and extracts of two Egyptian plants as discussed by the authors.
237 citations
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: From the performed assay, methanolic extract of these drug shows greater activity on HeLa cell line and little activity on Verocell line and that mean Solanum Nigrum can be used as anticancer.
Abstract: The study was aimed to evaluation of the anticancer activity of the fruits of Solanum Nigrum on the HeLa cell line. The fruits of Solanum Nigrum methanolic extract were tested for its inhibitory effect on HeLa Cell Line. The percentage viability of the cell line was carried out by using Trypan blue dye exclusion method. The cytotoxicity of Solanum Nigrum on HeLa cell was evaluated by the SRB assay and MTT assay. Solanum Nigrum methanolic extract has significant cytotoxicity effect on HeLa Cell Line in concentration range between 10 mg/ml to 0.0196 mg/ml by using SRB assay and study also showed that inhibitory action on HeLa cell line in concentration range between 10 mg/ml to 0.0196 mg/ml by using MTT assay. IC50 value and R 2 value of Solanum Nigrum on HeLa cell and Vero cell were 847.8 and 0.8724, 9088 and 0.1017 respectively by SRB assay. IC50 value and R 2 value of Solanum Nigrum on HeLa cell was 265.0 and 0.9496 respectively by MTT assay. IC50 value of Solanum Nigrum on Vero cell was 6.862 by MTT assay. R 2 value of Solanum Nigrum was not found by MTT assay. From the performed assay, methanolic extract of these drug shows greater activity on HeLa cell line and little activity on Vero cell line and that mean Solanum Nigrum can be used as anticancer
224 citations
TL;DR: The results show once again that medicinal plants can be promising sources of natural products with potential anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity.
Abstract: Recent years have witnessed that there is a revival of interest in drug discovery from medicinal plants for the maintenance of health in all parts of the world. The aim of this work was to investigate 26 plants belonging to 17 families collected from a unique place in Yemen (Soqotra Island) for their in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The 26 plants were extracted with methanol and hot water to yield 52 extracts. Evaluation for in vitro anticancer activity was done against three human cancer cell lines (A-427, 5637 and MCF-7) by using an established microtiter plate assay based on cellular staining with crystal violet. Antimicrobial activity was tested against three Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram-negative bacteria, one yeast species and three multiresistant Staphylococcus strains by using an agar diffusion method and the determination of MIC against three Gram-positive bacteria with the broth micro-dilution assay. Antioxidant activity was investigated by measuring the scavenging activity of the DPPH radical. Moreover, a phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts was done. Notable cancer cell growth inhibition was observed for extracts from Ballochia atro-virgata, Eureiandra balfourii and Hypoestes pubescens, with IC50 values ranging between 0.8 and 8.2 μg/ml. The methanol extracts of Acanthospermum hispidum, Boswellia dioscorides, Boswellia socotrana, Commiphora ornifolia and Euphorbia socotrana also showed noticeable antiproliferative potency with IC50 values 15 mm and MIC values ≤ 250 μg/ml. In addition, the methanolic extracts of Acacia pennivenia, Boswellia dioscorides, Boswellia socotrana and Commiphora ornifolia showed good antioxidant potential at low concentrations (more than 80% at 50 μg/ml). Our results show once again that medicinal plants can be promising sources of natural products with potential anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity. The results will guide the selection of some plant species for further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations.
201 citations
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TL;DR: The phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds like flavonoids, terpenoids and others, which could be responsible for the obtained activities.
Abstract: The traditional medicine still plays an important role in the primary health care in Yemen. The current study represents the investigation of 16 selected plants, which were collected from different localities of Yemen. The plants were dried and extracted with two different solvents (methanol and hot water) to yield 34 crude extracts. The obtained extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram-negative bacteria, one yeast species and three multiresistant Staphylococcus strains using agar diffusion method, for their antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH radical method and for their cytotoxic activity using the neutral red uptake assay. In addition, a phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts was done. Antibacterial activity was shown only against Gram-positive bacteria, among them multiresistant bacteria. The highest antimicrobial activity was exhibited by the methanolic extracts of Acalypha fruticosa, Centaurea pseudosinaica, Dodonaea viscosa, Jatropha variegata, Lippia citriodora, Plectranthus hadiensis, Tragia pungens and Verbascum bottae. Six methanolic extracts especially those of A. fruticosa, Actiniopteris semiflabellata, D. viscosa, P. hadiensis, T. pungens and V. bottae showed high free radical scavenging activity. Moreover, remarkable cytotoxic activity against FL-cells was found for the methanolic extracts of A. fruticosa, Iris albicans, L. citriodora and T. pungens. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds like flavonoids, terpenoids and others, which could be responsible for the obtained activities.
200 citations
References
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TL;DR: The antiradical properties of various antioxidants were determined using the free radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) in its radical form as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The antiradical activities of various antioxidants were determined using the free radical, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*). In its radical form. DPPH* has an absorption band at 515 nm which dissappears upon reduction by an antiradical compound. Twenty compounds were reacted with the DPPH* and shown to follow one of three possible reaction kinetic types. Ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid and isoeugenol reacted quickly with the DPPH* reaching a steady state immediately. Rosmarinic acid and δ-tocopherol reacted a little slower and reached a steady state within 30 min. The remaining compounds reacted more progressively with the DPPH* reaching a steady state from 1 to 6 h. Caffeic acid, gentisic acid and gallic acid showed the highest antiradical activities with a stoichiometry of 4 to 6 reduced DPPH* molecules per molecule of antioxidant. Vanillin, phenol, γ-resorcylic acid and vanillic acid were found to be poor antiradical compounds. The stoichiometry for the other 13 phenolic compounds varied from one to three reduced DPPH* molecules per molecule of antioxidant. Possible mechanisms are proposed to explain the experimental results.
18,907 citations
TL;DR: Recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards continue to be based on this publication; the “Kirby-Bauer” method is, among the many disk methods used in other countries, still the one that has been researched most thoroughly and updated continuously.
Abstract: In the words of the authors, the paper by A. W. Bauer et al., from the University of Washington in Seattle, on a standardized single-disk method for antibiotic susceptibility testing “. . . consolidate(s) and update(s) previous descriptions of the method and provide(s) a concise outline for its performance and interpretation.” Clinical microbiologists were relieved that finally a disk diffusion method had been standardized, could be used with ease, and provided reliable results as compared with minimum inhibitory concentration tests. The pivotal role of Hans Ericsson’s theoretical and practical studies (H. Ericsson and G. Svartz-Malmberg, Antibiot. Chemother. 6:41–74, 1959), as well as earlier reports by some of the authors of the publications cited, must be mentioned as a matter of fairness. Most of the recommendations given are still valid today even though some of the antimicrobial agents are obsolete, new ones have been added, some zone sizes had to be modified, and new media were designed for Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards continue to be based on this publication; the “Kirby-Bauer” method is, among the many disk methods used in other countries, still the one that has been researched most thoroughly and updated continuously. ALEXANDER VON GRAEVENITZ
16,916 citations
TL;DR: Fifty medicinal plants belonging to 26 families were studied for their antimicrobial activity and among 50 plants tested, 72% showed antimacterial activity.
708 citations
TL;DR: The ethyl acetate extract of Lawsonia inermis was found to be the most active one against all bacteria in the test system and could be obtained from extracts of Aloe perryi, Indigofera oblongifolia, Meriandra benghalensis and Ziziphus spina christi.
393 citations
TL;DR: Twenty-five selected plants belonging to 19 families were collected from different localities of the island Soqotra, dried and extracted with the solvents chloroform, methanol and hot water to yield 80 extracts which displayed significant antifungal activity.
338 citations