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Journal ArticleDOI

Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion

01 Jun 1992-Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (American Chemical Society)-Vol. 40, Iss: 6, pp 945-948
TL;DR: In this paper, the autoxidation of soybean oil in a cyclodextrin emulsion system was studied in the presence of an emulsion stabilizer consisting of polysaccharides such as xanthan, tragacanth gum, and methylcellulose.
Abstract: The autoxidation of soybean oil in a cyclodextrin emulsion system was studied in the presence of an emulsion stabilizer consisting of polysaccharides such as xanthan, tragacanth gum, and methylcellulose. Xanthan strongly inhibited the peroxidation of soybean oil containing tocopherols but showed no antioxidant activity on soybean oil without tocopherols in the emulsion. Xanthan did not have hydrogen donating ability but expressed Fe2+-binding activity. The Fe2+-binding activity corresponded to the pyruvate content of xanthan. Depyruvated xanthan did not inhibit effectively the autoxidation of soybean oil. The Fe2+-chelating structure of xanthan is discussed
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The antiradical properties of various antioxidants were determined using the free radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) in its radical form as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The antiradical activities of various antioxidants were determined using the free radical, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*). In its radical form. DPPH* has an absorption band at 515 nm which dissappears upon reduction by an antiradical compound. Twenty compounds were reacted with the DPPH* and shown to follow one of three possible reaction kinetic types. Ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid and isoeugenol reacted quickly with the DPPH* reaching a steady state immediately. Rosmarinic acid and δ-tocopherol reacted a little slower and reached a steady state within 30 min. The remaining compounds reacted more progressively with the DPPH* reaching a steady state from 1 to 6 h. Caffeic acid, gentisic acid and gallic acid showed the highest antiradical activities with a stoichiometry of 4 to 6 reduced DPPH* molecules per molecule of antioxidant. Vanillin, phenol, γ-resorcylic acid and vanillic acid were found to be poor antiradical compounds. The stoichiometry for the other 13 phenolic compounds varied from one to three reduced DPPH* molecules per molecule of antioxidant. Possible mechanisms are proposed to explain the experimental results.

18,907 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the current understanding of the lipid oxidation mechanism in oil-in-water emulsions and discussed the major factors that influence the rate of lipid oxidation, such as antioxidants, chelating agents, ingredient purity, ingredient partitioning, interfacial characteristics, droplet characteristics, and ingredient interactions.
Abstract: The susceptibility of lipids to oxidation is a major cause of quality deterioration in food emulsions. The reaction mechanism and factors that influence oxidation are appreciably different for emulsified lipids than for bulk lipids. This article reviews the current understanding of the lipid oxidation mechanism in oil-in-water emulsions. It also discusses the major factors that influence the rate of lipid oxidation in emulsions, such as antioxidants, chelating agents, ingredient purity, ingredient partitioning, interfacial characteristics, droplet characteristics, and ingredient interactions. This knowledge is then used to define effective strategies for controlling lipid oxidation in food emulsions.

1,243 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first report on the antioxidant properties of the extracts from pomegranate peel and seeds and can be further extended to exploit them for their possible application for the preservation of food products as well as their use as health supplements and neutraceuticals.
Abstract: Antioxidant-rich fractions were extracted from pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels and seeds using ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. The extracts were screened for their potential as antioxidants using various in vitro models, such as beta-carotene-linoleate and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) model systems. The methanol extract of peels showed 83 and 81% antioxidant activity at 50 ppm using the beta-carotene-linoleate and DPPH model systems, respectively. Similarly, the methanol extract of seeds showed 22.6 and 23.2% antioxidant activity at 100 ppm using the beta-carotene-linoleate and DPPH model systems, respectively. As the methanol extract of pomegranate peel showed the highest antioxidant activity among all of the extracts, it was selected for testing of its effect on lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. The methanol extract showed 56, 58, and 93.7% inhibition using the thiobarbituric acid method, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and LDL oxidation, respectively, at 100 ppm. This is the first report on the antioxidant properties of the extracts from pomegranate peel and seeds. Owing to this property, the studies can be further extended to exploit them for their possible application for the preservation of food products as well as their use as health supplements and neutraceuticals.

1,217 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that L. aromatica can be used in dietary applications with a potential to reduce oxidative stress.

1,176 citations


Cites background from "Antioxidative properties of xanthan..."

  • ...[18] Shimada K, Fujikawa K, Yahara K, et al....

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  • ...DPPH method [18] with slight modifications....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described the methods used for free radical scavenging in both substrates as well as in specific cases of their application, such as superoxide radicals scavenging (O2·-), hydrogen peroxide scavenging(H2O2), hypochlorous acid scavenging, HOCl, and hydroxyl radical scavenges (HO), among them, among them are the methods that use azo-compounds to generate peroxyl radicals.
Abstract: Free radical generation is directly related with oxidation in foods and biological systems. Therefore, the search for methods to determine free radical scavenging is important. In this work are described the methods used for this purpose in both substrates as well as in specific cases of their application. The main methods comprise superoxide radicals scavenging (O2·-); hydrogen peroxide scavenging (H2O2); hypochlorous acid scavenging (HOCl); hydroxyl radical scavenging (HO.); peroxyl radical scavenging (ROO.), among them are the methods that use azo-compounds to generate peroxyl radicals, such as the ``TRAP'' method (Total Radical-Trapping Antioxidant Parameter) and the ``ORAC'' method (Oxygen-Radical Absorbance Capacity); the scavenging of radical cation 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) or the ABTS or the ``TEAC'' method (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity); the scavenging of stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl or DPPH . method and the scavenging of radical cation N,N-dime...

1,085 citations


Cites background from "Antioxidative properties of xanthan..."

  • ...…Tadolini et al., 2000), conjugated linoleic acids (Yu, 2001), polysaccharides (xanthan, tragacanth gum, methylcellulose) on soybeanoil emulsion (Shimada et al., 1992), fucoxhantin (Nomura et al., 1997), tannins from oriental herbs (Yokozawa et al., 1998), plant phenols from unfermented rooibos…...

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  • ..., 2000), conjugated linoleic acids (Yu, 2001), polysaccharides (xanthan, tragacanth gum, methylcellulose) on soybeanoil emulsion (Shimada et al., 1992), fucoxhantin (Nomura et al....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Xanthan gum, the extracellular polysaccharide from Xanthomonas campestris, has been reinvestigated by methylation analysis, and by uronic acid degradation followed by oxidation and elimination of the oxidized residue.

724 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Ryo Yamauchi1, Yukio Tatsumi1, Miyo Asano1, Koji Kato1, Yoshimitsu Ueno1 
TL;DR: Effet des sels metalliques suivants: CdCl 2, CoCl 2, Cr(NO 3 ] 3, CuSO 4, FeSO 4, FeCl 3, HgCl 2 and MnSO 4 and ZnSO 4.
Abstract: Effet des sels metalliques suivants: CdCl 2 , CoCl 2 , Cr(NO 3 ] 3 , CuSO 4 , FeSO 4 , FeCl 3 , HgCl 2 , MnSO 4 et ZnSO 4

158 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied polysaccharide production on synthetic media in small-scale fermentors and established fermentation conditions for production of both high and low pyruvic acid gums.
Abstract: Xanthan gum is a heteropolysaccharide synthesized by Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 and is composed of D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid, in addition to acetic and pyruvic acids. Different amounts of pyruvic acid ketal are found in various preparations which can influence the viscosities of dilute xanthan solutions. Polysaccharide production on synthetic media was studied in small-scale fermentors. Fermentation conditions were established for production of both high and low pyruvic acid gums (about 4 and 2% pyruvic acid, respectively). Low nitrogen [0.1% (NH4)2HPO4] and air (0.25 vol/liter/min) levels favor production of low pyruvate gum; increasing (NH4)2HPO4 to 0.15%, adding K2HPO4, and increasing the air flow to 1.5 vol/liter/min favored production of normal gum. Both processes gave xanthan yields of 50 to 60%, based on 2.5% initial D-glucose substrate, in two to three days. Differences in pyruvic acid content and in the quantity of gum produced under a given set of conditions were attributed to strain variability. Substrains were isolated that have desirable characteristics for production of xanthan gum; i.e., the ability to give good yields of high-pyruvate gum when grown on both complex and synthetic media.

92 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper showed that reducing sugar accelerated the autoxidation of methyl linoleate in an aqueous emulsion system and reduced transition metal ions in the oxidation system and that reduced metal ions can accelerate the lipid peroxidation process.
Abstract: Reducing sugars accelerated the autoxidation of methyl linoleate in an aqueous emulsion system. The autoxidation induced by dihydroxyacetone, the model compound for reducing sugar, was completely inhibited by the addition of EDTA, and trace amounts of transition metals were observed in the oxidation system. Although iron salts hardly accelerated the autoxidation of methyl linoleate, the combined effect of iron salts and dihydroxyacetone markedly accelerated the oxidation process. The decomposition of methyl linoleate monohydroperoxide was also accelerated by the combined effect of iron salts and dihydroxyacetone. Reducing sugars could reduce the ferric ion to the ferrous ion. These results indicate that reducing sugars reduce transition metal ions in the oxidation system and that the resulting reduced metal ions can accelerate the lipid peroxidation process. The autoxidized products of methyl linoleate and the decomposed products of methyl linoleate monohydroperoxide were analyzed after chemical reduction...

30 citations