AODV modification to address link breakage issue: A review
11 May 2017-pp 576-578
TL;DR: This paper explores some of the modified AODV routing protocol modifications that have been done in the mostly used routing protocol, A ODV to address link breakage.
Abstract: An ad hoc network is a network that is composed of individual devices communicating with each other directly. It does not rely on a base station to coordinate the flow of messages to each node in the network, the individual network nodes forward packets to and from each other. As nodes can unreservedly freely in the network, ad-hoc network has the characteristic of dynamic topology. Due to this, link breakage happens frequently. To address this issue, various modifications have been done in the mostly used routing protocol, AODV. This paper explores some of the modified AODV routing protocol.
Citations
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30 Oct 2019TL;DR: This proposed CPAODV method performs better when compared to traditional AODV and CBAODV algorithm when there are shortest path and link lifetime between the nodes in VANET.
Abstract: Vehicles communicate with nearby vehicles to share high routing and traffic information in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) environment. Congestion and Delay in the transmission may occur due to the density of the nodes in the network. Traffic condition depends on the vehicles in Rural and Urban environment. Increase or Decrease in vehicle’s speed makes significant network changes when compared to the MANET environment. Road Side Terminals (RSTs) plays a major role in bridging the connection between the sender and the receiver nodes. The traditional AODV algorithm performs better when there are shortest path and link lifetime between the nodes in VANET. Giving 3 Level Preference to the nodes as High Preference (HP), Average Preference (AP) and Less Preference (LP) gives chances to nodes that have High Preference when compared to Less Preference. CPAODV model is proposed by implementing Classifying and giving preference to the RREQ to mitigate latency to the nodes. RST sends RREQ wisely based on the early model of Route Discovery stage itself. NS2 Simulator is used to analyze the strength of the proposed algorithm using QoS metrics like Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio and End to End delay. This proposed CPAODV method performs better when compared to traditional AODV and CBAODV algorithm.
3 citations
References
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22 Jun 2009TL;DR: This work has eliminated route discovery phase by restricting neighbor’s distance and number of discovered routes and this restriction leads to reduce most of control overheads and propose PAODV as routing protocol.
Abstract: one of the most important routing protocols used in Ad hoc networks is AODV. This protocol is a reactive protocol that searches routes only when they are needed. It always exchanges control packets between neighbor nodes for routing. For reduction of control overheads and bandwidth consumption and make AODV usable for VANET, we have eliminated route discovery phase by restricting neighbor’s distance and number of discovered routes. This restriction leads to reduce most of control overheads. We make an improvement on AODV and propose PAODV as routing protocol. This protocol improves AODV control overheads and makes routes more stable. One of the technical differences between MANET and VANET is mobility model. Manhattan is the mobility model for VANET that we use to evaluate our method.
78 citations
Additional excerpts
...[5] upgraded AODV protocol and designed...
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01 Jan 2015
39 citations
"AODV modification to address link b..." refers background in this paper
...George Dharma Prakash Raj [13] have proposed CB-AODV....
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...Arulkumar, N., and E. George Dharma Prakash Raj [13] have proposed CB-AODV....
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20 Sep 2010TL;DR: A routing protocol (A ODV_BD) for vehicular ad hoc networks that improves the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol by making it reduce the packet delay.
Abstract: Vehicular Ad hoc networks are one of the most advanced technologies for intelligent transportation system that allow vehicle-vehicle to form multi-hop ad hoc networks. Routing is one of the challenges in vehicular ad hoc networks because of the frequent change of its topology structure. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol (AODV_BD) for vehicular ad hoc networks that improves the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol by making it reduce the packet delay. The simulating experiments provide an efficient approach to estimate the routing protocol performance of a VANET.
37 citations
"AODV modification to address link b..." refers methods in this paper
...[6] enhance AODV protocol and make a protocol called AODV-BD....
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12 Aug 2002
TL;DR: It is shown that caching of routes in AODV can lead to significant reduction in routing and MAC load as well as in delay in delivering the packet as compared to A ODV without much compromise in terms of packet delivery fraction.
Abstract: Ad hoc networks are characterized by multihop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols. Recent comparative studies between Ad hoc on demand routing protocols like Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector routing (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) (the two on demand routing protocols for Ad hoc networks) have shown that AODV performs better than DSR for high mobility cases but faces the problem of high routing and MAC load as compared to DSR. This is because DSR resort to aggressive use of caching of routes while AODV does not. In this paper, we have incorporated caching of routes in AODV with the aim to reduce the routing and MAC load of AODV without changing the basic structure of the protocol. A detailed simulation model with MAC and physical layer models is used to study the effect of caching of routes in AODV and to compare its performance with AODV without cache and DSR. We show that caching of routes in AODV can lead to significant reduction in routing and MAC load as well as in delay in delivering the packet as compared to AODV without much compromise in terms of packet delivery fraction.
18 citations
"AODV modification to address link b..." refers methods in this paper
...In paper [8], the creators have consolidated storing of routes in AODV with the mean to lessen the directing and MAC load of AODV without changing the essential structure of the conventional protocol....
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01 Dec 2015TL;DR: This method aims at enhancing the traditional AODV protocol in such WSN applications by building a stable route during the route discovery phase, thus avoiding link breaks that happen due to node movement and ensuring stability of the active route between the source node and the destination node.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are widely used for various applications such as habitat monitoring, structural health monitoring, logistics, patient monitoring etc. Mobility of nodes in these applications are different. Generally usual MANET based routing protocols are adapted for these type of WSNs. AODV is one of the most commonly used routing protocol for both MANETs and WSNs. But in WSNs, when the mobility is high, AODV needs to find new paths to the destination frequently as the already established links breaks because of node movement. The proposed method aims at enhancing the traditional AODV protocol in such WSN applications by building a stable route during the route discovery phase, thus avoiding link breaks that happen due to node movement. This method uses Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to determine the participation of a node in the route building process. To mitigate the effects of RSSI variations due to environment, an Exponential Moving Average filter is used to smooth out the RSSI variations. If this RSSI value is less than a threshold, the node is not selected to be part of the active route. Lesser RSSI indicates longer distance between the nodes and more chances of link breakage. A neighbor node with the highest RSSI, that meets the threshold criteria, is selected to be the next forwarding node, thereby avoiding link break and ensuring stability of the active route between the source node and the destination node. This would in turn, reduce the energy consumed in the network and hence increase the network lifetime of the WSN. To conclude the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the simulations are carried out in a WSN scenario and the results are analyzed in comparison with the traditional AODV protocol. Network Simulator, NS2 is used to carry out the simulation.
15 citations