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Journal ArticleDOI

Apple Fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) Metabolic Response to Infestation by Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys Stal.)

26 Jul 2021-Horticulturae (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)-Vol. 7, Iss: 8, pp 212
TL;DR: How apple fruit responds to the BMSB injury, not only sensorily (visual injury, odor), but also chemically in the form of metabolic responses, is illustrated.
Abstract: The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB; Halyomorpha halys Stal.) has become a significant pest in Slovenia, especially in apple, pear, peach, and cherry orchards. In our study, apple fruit of the apple cultivar ‘Red Pinova’ were evaluated for visual injury and sugar, organic acid, and phenolic contents. The chemical composition of the area around the puncture wound, the uninjured part of the infested apple, was compared to, as a control, only uninjured apples. There was a significant response of the apple around the puncture wound, resulting in an 11.9 g/kg FW higher total sugar content, a 1.4 g/kg FW lower total organic acid content, and an 11.9 g/kg FW higher total phenolic content compared with control apples. A strong phenolic response in the puncture wound area, with high flavanol and hydroxycinnamic acid contents, with increases of 118% and 237%, respectively, compared with control apples, was detected. The brown marmorated stink bug induces a strong phenolic response in the injured area of the apple. The results of this study illustrated how apple fruit responds to the BMSB injury, not only sensorily (visual injury, odor), but also chemically in the form of metabolic responses.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors focused on the antidiabetic potential of commonly available Bangladeshi fruits and other plant parts, such as seeds, fruit peals, leaves, and roots, along with isolated phytochemicals from these phytosources based on lab findings and mechanism of actions.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disorder affecting people of all ages and adversely disrupts their daily functions. Despite the availability of numerous synthetic-antidiabetic medications and insulin, the demand for the development of novel antidiabetic medications is increasing due to the adverse effects and growth of resistance to commercial drugs in the long-term usage. Hence, antidiabetic phytochemicals isolated from fruit plants can be a very nifty option to develop life-saving novel antidiabetic therapeutics, employing several pathways and MoAs (mechanism of actions). This review focuses on the antidiabetic potential of commonly available Bangladeshi fruits and other plant parts, such as seeds, fruit peals, leaves, and roots, along with isolated phytochemicals from these phytosources based on lab findings and mechanism of actions. Several fruits, such as orange, lemon, amla, tamarind, and others, can produce remarkable antidiabetic actions and can be dietary alternatives to antidiabetic therapies. Besides, isolated phytochemicals from these plants, such as swertisin, quercetin, rutin, naringenin, and other prospective phytochemicals, also demonstrated their candidacy for further exploration to be established as antidiabetic leads. Thus, it can be considered that fruits are one of the most valuable gifts of plants packed with a wide spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals and are widely consumed as dietary items and medicinal therapies in different civilizations and cultures. This review will provide a better understanding of diabetes management by consuming fruits and other plant parts as well as deliver innovative hints for the researchers to develop novel drugs from these plant parts and/or their phytochemicals.

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , Andreadisa et al. discuss the importance of plant breeding and genetic resources in the management of agricultural resources and their role in the development of sustainable agriculture in Greece.
Abstract: Stefanos S. Andreadisa*, Theodoros Moysiadisab, Nikoloz E. Gogolashvilic, Eleni I. Koutsogeorgiouad, Georgios T. Fifisc & Eleni Tsalikiaa Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Thermi, Greeceb Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprusc Department of Agriculture, School of Geosciences, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Greeced Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

2 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the caffeine content and phenolic profile in three types of teas and coffees, and how they vary with two successive extractions, including green tea and mate tea for phenolic acids.
Abstract: Coffee and tea are popular beverages worldwide, and therefore generate large amounts of waste. Here we describe the caffeine content and phenolic profile in three types of teas and coffees, and how they vary with two successive extractions. Although the first extraction was far more efficient than the second, green tea also showed a high content of flavanols in the second extraction, as did mate tea for phenolic acids. Black tea could also be a good option since caffeine content was highest in both extractions. Water also proved to be the most effective solvent in almost all cases, which represent a major benefit for urban horticulture, as it is a simple extraction method from an easily accessible source. Coffee and tea residues are a rich source of caffeine and phenolic compounds that could potentially be used as alternatives to conventional pesticides.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the impact of phytochemicals derived from plants have been used to treat chronic diseases such as diabetes, and traditional phytotherapy for diabetes has been recommended by the world health organization.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition suffering millions of people worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), it is estimated that by 2045 about 783 million people will be affected by this disease. Diabetes can be treated today with various hypoglycemic drugs, including metformin and sulfonylureas. However, it has unwanted side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, weight gain, liver failure, tachycardia, and lactic acidosis. A newer group of oral diabetes drugs, such as the sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SGLTi), are recognized as useful in treating blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Natural phytochemicals derived from plants have long been used to treat chronic diseases such as diabetes, and traditional phytotherapy for diabetes has been recommended by the world health organization. Herbal medicines are believed to have fewer side effects, so nearly 80% of the drugs are derived directly from plants or modified plants. Given the importance of these results, we were inspired to investigate the impact of phytochemicals with his SGLT2 inhibitory effects on diabetes in order to develop the next generation of safer therapeutic strategies for diabetic patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
15 Sep 2022-Agronomy
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the impact of H. halys infestation on the phenolic response and olive fruit quality in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits and in the non-pierced part of damaged parts of the damaged fruits of the Istrska belica and Pendolino cultivars.
Abstract: Olives ripen in the late autumn and represent a good source of nutrients that Halyomorpha halys uses to prepare for diapause. This is the first study to investigate the impact of H. halys infestation on the phenolic response and olive fruit quality in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits and in the non-pierced part of damaged fruits of ‘Istrska belica’ and ‘Pendolino’ cultivars. Both total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity contents significantly increased in the infested fruits of the cultivar ‘Istrska belica’. Total phenolic content in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits increased by 10.7%, while the content of AC in the non-pierced tissue of damaged fruits increased by 7.11% and in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits by 6.1% compared to control. A total of 44 individual phenolic compounds were identified, 21 of them increased in at least one cultivar after infestation. Huge increases in phenolic content were observed in both cultivars, particularly for flavones, secoiridoids, anthocyanins, and flavonols in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits. The most responsive individual phenolic compound in both cultivars was oleuropein. Its content in the pierced tissue of damaged fruits increased by 44.7% in the cultivar ‘Pendolino’ and for 82.6% in the cultivar ‘Istrska belica’.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Aggregate analysis of this type is an important supplement to and often more informative than reems of data difficult to summarize from various techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that separate a large number of individual compounds.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Analyses of the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) type are convenient, simple, and require only common equipment and have produced a large body of comparable data. Under proper conditions, the assay is inclusive of monophenols and gives predictable reactions with the types of phenols found in nature. Because different phenols react to different degrees, expression of the results as a single number—such as milligrams per liter gallic acid equivalence—is necessarily arbitrary. Because the reaction is independent, quantitative, and predictable, analysis of a mixture of phenols can be recalculated in terms of any other standard. The assay measures all compounds readily oxidizable under the reaction conditions and its very inclusiveness allows certain substances to also react that are either not phenols or seldom thought of as phenols (e.g., proteins). Judicious use of the assay—with consideration of potential interferences in particular samples and prior study if necessary—can lead to very informative results. Aggregate analysis of this type is an important supplement to and often more informative than reems of data difficult to summarize from various techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that separate a large number of individual compounds .The predictable reaction of components in a mixture makes it possible to determine a single reactant by other means and to calculate its contribution to the total FC phenol content. Relative insensitivity of the FC analysis to many adsorbents and precipitants makes differential assay—before and after several different treatments—informative.

14,046 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By understanding the mechanisms of induced resistance, this work can predict the herbivores that are likely to be affected by induced responses and could be exploited as an important tool for the pest management to minimize the amounts of insecticides used for pest control.
Abstract: Plants respond to herbivory through various morphological, biochemicals, and molecular mechanisms to counter/offset the effects of herbivore attack. The biochemical mechanisms of defense against the herbivores are wide-ranging, highly dynamic, and are mediated both by direct and indirect defenses. The defensive compounds are either produced constitutively or in response to plant damage, and affect feeding, growth, and survival of herbivores. In addition, plants also release volatile organic compounds that attract the natural enemies of the herbivores. These strategies either act independently or in conjunction with each other. However, our understanding of these defensive mechanisms is still limited. Induced resistance could be exploited as an important tool for the pest management to minimize the amounts of insecticides used for pest control. Host plant resistance to insects, particularly, induced resistance, can also be manipulated with the use of chemical elicitors of secondary metabolites, which confer resistance to insects. By understanding the mechanisms of induced resistance, we can predict the herbivores that are likely to be affected by induced responses. The elicitors of induced responses can be sprayed on crop plants to build up the natural defense system against damage caused by herbivores. The induced responses can also be engineered genetically, so that the defensive compounds are constitutively produced in plants against are challenged by the herbivory. Induced resistance can be exploited for developing crop cultivars, which readily produce the inducible response upon mild infestation, and can act as one of components of integrated pest management for sustainable crop production.

1,296 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Novel findings in relation to the biotechnological manipulation of organic acids in transgenic models ranging from cell cultures to whole plants are discussed and may represent a way to understand fundamental aspects of plant physiology and lead to new strategies to obtain crop varieties better adapted to environmental and mineral stress.

465 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Spice and medicinal plants grown under water deficiency conditions reveal much higher concentrations of relevant natural products compared with identical plants of the same species cultivated with an ample water supply, and a putative mechanistic concept considering general plant physiological and biochemical aspects is presented.
Abstract: Spice and medicinal plants grown under water deficiency conditions reveal much higher concentrations of relevant natural products compared with identical plants of the same species cultivated with an ample water supply. For the first time, experimental data related to this well-known phenomenon have been collected and a putative mechanistic concept considering general plant physiological and biochemical aspects is presented. Water shortage induces drought stress-related metabolic responses and, due to stomatal closure, the uptake of CO2 decreases significantly. As a result, the consumption of reduction equivalents (NADPH + H(+)) for CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle declines considerably, generating a large oxidative stress and an oversupply of reduction equivalents. As a consequence, metabolic processes are shifted towards biosynthetic activities that consume reduction equivalents. Accordingly, the synthesis of reduced compounds, such as isoprenoids, phenols or alkaloids, is enhanced.

310 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although evidence in favour of sugar-mediated plant immunity is accumulating, more in-depth fundamental research is required to unravel the sugar signalling pathways involved and pave the way for the use of biodegradable sugar-(like) compounds to counteract plant diseases as cheaper and safer alternatives for toxic agrochemicals.
Abstract: Sugars are involved in many metabolic and signalling pathways in plants. Sugar signals may also contribute to immune responses against pathogens and probably function as priming molecules leading to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity in plants. These putative roles also depend greatly on coordinated relationships with hormones and the light status in an intricate network. Although evidence in favour of sugar-mediated plant immunity is accumulating, more in-depth fundamental research is required to unravel the sugar signalling pathways involved. This might pave the way for the use of biodegradable sugar-(like) compounds to counteract plant diseases as cheaper and safer alternatives for toxic agrochemicals.

273 citations