Application of hybrid energy storage system in a grid interactive microgrid environment
01 Nov 2015-pp 002980-002985
TL;DR: A simple control algorithm for power management is being formulated to generate references for RES, ESS interfaced power electronic converters and grid connected converter to mitigate the power imbalance within the dc grid and support sudden frequency variations of the ac grid.
Abstract: Integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the ac grid is growing very rapidly to meet the high and reliable load demand. The penetration of this growing microgrid structures within the distribution network are leading to several challenging power quality issues. It is mandatory to maintain the voltage and frequency within the prescribed limits at the local bus under any condition of the renewable sources and load. It is a known fact that the behaviour of RES, loads are unpredictable and the need for energy storage system (ESS) becomes extremely important. The sharing of power among grid, RES and storage plays a very vital role for the stable operation of grid integrated microgrid system. Also, the energy storage devices (ESD) need to be operated within its safe limits. Hence a simple control algorithm for power management is being formulated to generate references for RES, ESS interfaced power electronic converters and grid connected converter to mitigate the power imbalance within the dc grid and support sudden frequency variations of the ac grid. Further this method also improves the power quality condition of the ac system. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated using MATLAB based Simulink environment.
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TL;DR: An advanced ESS is required with regard to capacity, protection, control interface, energy management, and characteristics to enhance the performance of ESS in MG applications to develop a cost-effective and efficient ESS model with a prolonged life cycle for sustainable MG implementation.
Abstract: A microgrid (MG) is a local entity that consists of distributed energy resources (DERs) to achieve local power reliability and sustainable energy utilization. The MG concept or renewable energy technologies integrated with energy storage systems (ESS) have gained increasing interest and popularity because it can store energy at off-peak hours and supply energy at peak hours. However, existing ESS technology faces challenges in storing energy due to various issues, such as charging/discharging, safety, reliability, size, cost, life cycle, and overall management. Thus, an advanced ESS is required with regard to capacity, protection, control interface, energy management, and characteristics to enhance the performance of ESS in MG applications. This paper comprehensively reviews the types of ESS technologies, ESS structures along with their configurations, classifications, features, energy conversion, and evaluation process. Moreover, details on the advantages and disadvantages of ESS in MG applications have been analyzed based on the process of energy formations, material selection, power transfer mechanism, capacity, efficiency, and cycle period. Existing reviews critically demonstrate the current technologies for ESS in MG applications. However, the optimum management of ESSs for efficient MG operation remains a challenge in modern power system networks. This review also highlights the key factors, issues, and challenges with possible recommendations for the further development of ESS in future MG applications. All the highlighted insights of this review significantly contribute to the increasing effort toward the development of a cost-effective and efficient ESS model with a prolonged life cycle for sustainable MG implementation.
204 citations
Cites methods from "Application of hybrid energy storag..."
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TL;DR: An application-oriented review explicates the principle advantages with the hybridization of battery and supercapacitor energy storage systems that can be used as an insight for further development in the field of energy storage technology and its applications.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive categorical review of the recent advances and past research development of the hybrid storage paradigm over the last two decades. The main intent of the study is to provide an application-focused survey where every category and sub-category herein is thoroughly and independently investigated. Implementation of energy storage systems is one of the most interestingly effective options for further progression in the field of alternative energy technology. Apart from a meticulous garnering of the energy resources regulated by the energy storage, the main concern is to optimize the characteristic integrity of the storage devices to achieve a practically techno-economic size and operation. In this paper, hybrid energy storage consisting of batteries and supercapacitors is studied. The fact that the characteristic of batteries is mostly complementary to that of supercapacitors, hybridizing these storage systems enhances their scope of application in various fields. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present an inclusive review of these applications. Specifically, the application domain includes: (1) regulation of renewable energy sources, (2) contributions to grid regulation (voltage and frequency compensation, contribution to power system inertia), (3) energy storage enhancements (life cycle improvement, and size reduction), (4) regenerative braking in electric vehicles, (5) improvement in wireless power transfer technology. Further, this review also descriptively highlights the control strategies implemented in these domains of applications. The application-oriented review explicates the principle advantages with the hybridization of battery and supercapacitor energy storage systems that can be used as an insight for further development in the field of energy storage technology and its applications.
22 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a grid connected hybrid microgrid system with dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) using modified instantaneous symmetrical component theory (MICST) for power sharing among inverters.
Abstract: This paper proposes a grid connected hybrid microgrid system with dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) using modified instantaneous symmetrical component theory (MICST) for power sharing among inverters. In this paper a reduced DC link voltage has been achieved, efficient, simple power management algorithm (PMA) is proposed and new method is introduced for DVSI control parameter extraction which reduces control complexity and overall system cost. The Proposed topology consists of a three phase dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) which transfers the active power between grid and microgrid based on renewable power availability and state of charge (SOC) limits of hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Besides, offering ancillary services such as harmonic mitigation, reactive power support and unity power factor at the point of common coupling (PCC). The proposed system is tested and validated using MATLAB based Simulink environment.
17 citations
Cites methods from "Application of hybrid energy storag..."
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TL;DR: In this article, ancillary voltage control for a distribution feeder by using energy storage system (ESS) in microgrid is proposed to reduce the impact of renewable power generation on the microgrid.
Abstract: This paper presents ancillary voltage control for a distribution feeder by using energy storage system (ESS) in microgrid. The microgrid consists of photovoltaic, wind power, and distribution generator. The active and reactive power control, voltage and frequency droop control for the power converter of ESS are proposed to reduce microgrid impact on the distribution feeder. The voltage variation along the feeder due to change of renewable power generation is derived by executing power flow analysis. The actual voltage fluctuation on the microgrid is measured, which is used to control active and reactive power output of the power converter via energy management system in the microgrid SCADA platform. Three operation scenarios of the microgrid with ESS are tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method. It is found that the power output of ESS can be well regulated to reduce voltage fluctuation on the microgid, which is complied with grid connect code to achieve better voltage control performance for the distribution feeder.
9 citations
Cites background from "Application of hybrid energy storag..."
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TL;DR: An islanded hybrid microgrid system with dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) using instantaneous symmetrical component theory (ISCT) for reference current generation and power management is proposed in this article.
Abstract: This paper proposes an islanded hybrid microgrid system with dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) using instantaneous symmetrical component theory (ISCT) for reference current generation and power management. In this work a reduced DC link voltage has been achieved and efficient, simple power management algorithm (PMA) which takes account of load shedding and off-MPPT operation is proposed under islanded mode. A three-phase dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) consists of main and auxiliary inverters. The main inverter transfers the active power between AC loads and microgrid based on renewable power availability and state of charge (SOC) limits of hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Auxiliary inverter offers ancillary services such as harmonic mitigation and reactive power support resulting in balanced sinusoidal voltages at the point of common coupling (PCC) though there is line impedance. The proposed system is tested and validated using MATLAB based simulink environment.
4 citations
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References
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TL;DR: This paper presents a review of ESSs for transport and grid applications, covering several aspects as the storage technology, the main applications, and the power converters used to operate some of the energy storage technologies.
Abstract: Energy storage systems (ESSs) are enabling technologies for well-established and new applications such as power peak shaving, electric vehicles, integration of renewable energies, etc. This paper presents a review of ESSs for transport and grid applications, covering several aspects as the storage technology, the main applications, and the power converters used to operate some of the energy storage technologies. Special attention is given to the different applications, providing a deep description of the system and addressing the most suitable storage technology. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the subject and to give an updated reference to nonspecialist, academic, and engineers in the field of power electronics.
1,032 citations
Additional excerpts
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss about integrating renewable energy sources into the smart power grid through industrial electronics, including photovoltaic power, wind energy conversion, hybrid energy systems, and tidal energy conversion.
Abstract: This paper discusses about integrating renewable energy sources into the smart power grid through industrial electronics. This paper discusses photovoltaic power, wind energy conversion, hybrid energy systems, and tidal energy conversion.
808 citations
"Application of hybrid energy storag..." refers background in this paper
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TL;DR: In this paper, an enhanced control method for battery energy storage systems (BESS) is presented to support the frequency of MG and with the ability of disconnecting from the MG to supplying in the island mode a local consumer.
Abstract: Frequency control in autonomous microgrids (MG) with high penetration of renewable energy sources represents a great concern to ensure the system stability. In this regard, this paper presents an enhanced control method for battery energy storage systems (BESS) to support the frequency of MG and with the ability of disconnecting from the MG to supplying in the island mode a local consumer. A frequency controller, combining a conventional droop control with an inertia emulation function, governs the BESS active power transfer during the primary frequency control level. The BESS may also provide voltage support in the point of common coupling with the MG. Moreover, the proposed BESS may compensate, partially or totally, the power absorbed by the local loads in order to improve the MG frequency response. When the MG power quality worsens below a certain level, in terms of voltage and frequency, the BESS detaches from the MG and continues to operate islanded. The reconnection is accomplished following a smoothly resynchronization of the local voltage with the MG, without disturbing the local loads supply. Additionally, this paper also discusses about the aspects related to the BESS management and its integration within the proposed system. The simulation and experimental results assess the feasibility of the proposed control solutions.
206 citations
"Application of hybrid energy storag..." refers methods in this paper
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TL;DR: In this article, a power smoothing strategy for a 1MW grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant is proposed, where a hybrid energy storage system composed of a vanadium redox battery and a supercapacitor bank is used to smooth the fluctuating output power.
Abstract: This paper proposes a power smoothing strategy for a 1-MW grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant. A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of a vanadium redox battery and a supercapacitor bank is used to smooth the fluctuating output power of the PV plant. The power management of the HESS is purposely designed to reduce the required power rating of the SCB to only one-fifth of the VRB rating and to avoid the operation of the VRB at low power levels, thus increasing its overall efficiency. The PV plant including the HESS has been modeled using MATLAB/Simulink and PLECS software environment. The effectiveness of the proposed power control strategy is confirmed through extensive simulation results.
202 citations
"Application of hybrid energy storag..." refers methods in this paper
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TL;DR: A system is developed for selecting the operating mode of the bidirectional converter by sensing the battery voltage and the viability of the scheme has been ascertained by performing experimental studies on a laboratory prototype.
Abstract: The growing concern for energy saving has increased the usage of LED-based street lights, electronic chokes, compact fluorescent lamps, and inverter-fed drives. Hence, the load profile seen by the electrical grid is undergoing a notable change as these devices have to operate from a dc source. Photovoltaics (PV) being a major energy source, the aforementioned loads can be connected directly to the dc bus. A grid-connected PV system involves a power source (PV array), a power sink (load), and two power sources/sink (utility and battery), and hence, a power flow management system is required to balance the power flow among these sources. One such system is developed for selecting the operating mode of the bidirectional converter by sensing the battery voltage. The viability of the scheme has been ascertained by performing experimental studies on a laboratory prototype. The control strategy is digitally implemented on an Altera Cyclone II Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board, and the algorithm is verified for different modes of operation by varying the load. Experimental results are presented to bring out the usefulness of the control strategy.
95 citations
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