Application of hybrid energy storage system in a grid interactive microgrid environment
01 Nov 2015-pp 002980-002985
TL;DR: A simple control algorithm for power management is being formulated to generate references for RES, ESS interfaced power electronic converters and grid connected converter to mitigate the power imbalance within the dc grid and support sudden frequency variations of the ac grid.
Abstract: Integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the ac grid is growing very rapidly to meet the high and reliable load demand. The penetration of this growing microgrid structures within the distribution network are leading to several challenging power quality issues. It is mandatory to maintain the voltage and frequency within the prescribed limits at the local bus under any condition of the renewable sources and load. It is a known fact that the behaviour of RES, loads are unpredictable and the need for energy storage system (ESS) becomes extremely important. The sharing of power among grid, RES and storage plays a very vital role for the stable operation of grid integrated microgrid system. Also, the energy storage devices (ESD) need to be operated within its safe limits. Hence a simple control algorithm for power management is being formulated to generate references for RES, ESS interfaced power electronic converters and grid connected converter to mitigate the power imbalance within the dc grid and support sudden frequency variations of the ac grid. Further this method also improves the power quality condition of the ac system. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated using MATLAB based Simulink environment.
Citations
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TL;DR: An advanced ESS is required with regard to capacity, protection, control interface, energy management, and characteristics to enhance the performance of ESS in MG applications to develop a cost-effective and efficient ESS model with a prolonged life cycle for sustainable MG implementation.
Abstract: A microgrid (MG) is a local entity that consists of distributed energy resources (DERs) to achieve local power reliability and sustainable energy utilization. The MG concept or renewable energy technologies integrated with energy storage systems (ESS) have gained increasing interest and popularity because it can store energy at off-peak hours and supply energy at peak hours. However, existing ESS technology faces challenges in storing energy due to various issues, such as charging/discharging, safety, reliability, size, cost, life cycle, and overall management. Thus, an advanced ESS is required with regard to capacity, protection, control interface, energy management, and characteristics to enhance the performance of ESS in MG applications. This paper comprehensively reviews the types of ESS technologies, ESS structures along with their configurations, classifications, features, energy conversion, and evaluation process. Moreover, details on the advantages and disadvantages of ESS in MG applications have been analyzed based on the process of energy formations, material selection, power transfer mechanism, capacity, efficiency, and cycle period. Existing reviews critically demonstrate the current technologies for ESS in MG applications. However, the optimum management of ESSs for efficient MG operation remains a challenge in modern power system networks. This review also highlights the key factors, issues, and challenges with possible recommendations for the further development of ESS in future MG applications. All the highlighted insights of this review significantly contribute to the increasing effort toward the development of a cost-effective and efficient ESS model with a prolonged life cycle for sustainable MG implementation.
392 citations
Cites methods from "Application of hybrid energy storag..."
...The use of SC gives the battery relief from stress by restricting oscillations and sudden transients Apart from these characteristics, protecting the system internal power and making full use of energy are also the important considerations for HESS [157]....
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...Moreover, hybrid ESS, such as a battery/supercapacitor, gives a large capacity storage facility, but the efficiency of this HESS technology can further be developed....
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...Moreover, HESS can control power fluctuation, which improves power quality and limits the maximum active power change rate....
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...Moreover, this HESS topology shows higher specific power than HFC alone....
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...F. HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS Hybrid ESS (HESS) refers to the integration of two or more ESSs that were applied to achieve the advantages of each ESS for obtaining excellent characteristics in one particular application....
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TL;DR: An application-oriented review explicates the principle advantages with the hybridization of battery and supercapacitor energy storage systems that can be used as an insight for further development in the field of energy storage technology and its applications.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive categorical review of the recent advances and past research development of the hybrid storage paradigm over the last two decades. The main intent of the study is to provide an application-focused survey where every category and sub-category herein is thoroughly and independently investigated. Implementation of energy storage systems is one of the most interestingly effective options for further progression in the field of alternative energy technology. Apart from a meticulous garnering of the energy resources regulated by the energy storage, the main concern is to optimize the characteristic integrity of the storage devices to achieve a practically techno-economic size and operation. In this paper, hybrid energy storage consisting of batteries and supercapacitors is studied. The fact that the characteristic of batteries is mostly complementary to that of supercapacitors, hybridizing these storage systems enhances their scope of application in various fields. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present an inclusive review of these applications. Specifically, the application domain includes: (1) regulation of renewable energy sources, (2) contributions to grid regulation (voltage and frequency compensation, contribution to power system inertia), (3) energy storage enhancements (life cycle improvement, and size reduction), (4) regenerative braking in electric vehicles, (5) improvement in wireless power transfer technology. Further, this review also descriptively highlights the control strategies implemented in these domains of applications. The application-oriented review explicates the principle advantages with the hybridization of battery and supercapacitor energy storage systems that can be used as an insight for further development in the field of energy storage technology and its applications.
55 citations
01 Nov 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, a grid connected hybrid microgrid system with dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) using modified instantaneous symmetrical component theory (MICST) for power sharing among inverters.
Abstract: This paper proposes a grid connected hybrid microgrid system with dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) using modified instantaneous symmetrical component theory (MICST) for power sharing among inverters. In this paper a reduced DC link voltage has been achieved, efficient, simple power management algorithm (PMA) is proposed and new method is introduced for DVSI control parameter extraction which reduces control complexity and overall system cost. The Proposed topology consists of a three phase dual voltage source inverter (DVSI) which transfers the active power between grid and microgrid based on renewable power availability and state of charge (SOC) limits of hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Besides, offering ancillary services such as harmonic mitigation, reactive power support and unity power factor at the point of common coupling (PCC). The proposed system is tested and validated using MATLAB based Simulink environment.
17 citations
Cites methods from "Application of hybrid energy storag..."
...But, they have a problem of poor power density, hence an additional energy storage device having high power density such as supercapacitor is used and such a combination is called as hybrid energy storage system....
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01 Oct 2019
TL;DR: An effective control and energy management strategy of a direct current (DC) microgrid employing hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) that maximizes the power generation from the photovoltaic (PV) plant employing maximum power point tracker (MPPT).
Abstract: Microgrids are becoming very popular nowadays throughout the world as they utilize renewable energy resources (RER) effectively. Due to the intermittent nature of the dominant RER, different kind of energy storage systems are introduced to enhance reliability, stability, and performance of the microgrids. This paper presents an effective control and energy management strategy of a direct current (DC) microgrid employing hybrid energy storage systems (HESS). The main components of the modeled microgrid are intermittent RER, variable load, HESS, backup diesel generator, and power electronic converters. The current-mode controller manages to charge and discharge the HESS to overcome the intermittency of the RER and load variation. Besides, it proposes an effective energy management strategy that compensate for the energy generation shortage of the RER by utilizing the backup diesel generator. Furthermore, it maximizes the power generation from the photovoltaic (PV) plant employing maximum power point tracker (MPPT). Finally, this research verifies the effectiveness of the proposed system through simulation where the DC voltage level never crosses ± 5% limit under load variation and RER intermittency.
11 citations
Cites background from "Application of hybrid energy storag..."
...DC micro grid can be found in [18] and [19]....
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27 Jun 2016
TL;DR: In this article, ancillary voltage control for a distribution feeder by using energy storage system (ESS) in microgrid is proposed to reduce the impact of renewable power generation on the microgrid.
Abstract: This paper presents ancillary voltage control for a distribution feeder by using energy storage system (ESS) in microgrid. The microgrid consists of photovoltaic, wind power, and distribution generator. The active and reactive power control, voltage and frequency droop control for the power converter of ESS are proposed to reduce microgrid impact on the distribution feeder. The voltage variation along the feeder due to change of renewable power generation is derived by executing power flow analysis. The actual voltage fluctuation on the microgrid is measured, which is used to control active and reactive power output of the power converter via energy management system in the microgrid SCADA platform. Three operation scenarios of the microgrid with ESS are tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method. It is found that the power output of ESS can be well regulated to reduce voltage fluctuation on the microgid, which is complied with grid connect code to achieve better voltage control performance for the distribution feeder.
9 citations
Cites background from "Application of hybrid energy storag..."
...In Taiwan, according to the Taipower company regulation for parallel operation of distributed generators, the voltage variation at point of common coupling (PCC) of the DGs should be controlled within 2.5% of nominal voltage....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the integration impact of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) on the short-term frequency control in autonomous micro-grids (MGs) is analyzed, where an experimental test bench including a real-time digital simulator with BESS controller in a hardware-in-the-loop structure is used for assessing the system performances.
Abstract: This study analyses the integration impact of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) on the short-term frequency control in autonomous microgrids (MGs). Short-term frequency stability relates with the primary or speed control level, as defined in the regulations of the classical grids. The focus is on autonomous MGs that dynamically behave similarly to the classical power systems. This is the systems case with classical distributed generators (DGs), but which can also contain renewable energy sources (RESs) in a certain penetration level. During MG islanded operation, the local generators take over most of the frequency control process, by means of their automatic generation control, which include inertia response and primary control. However, RES-based DGs are rarely able to provide grid frequency support, as they lack controllability and usually the power conversion chain does not have the possibility of storing and releasing energy when required by the system. Therefore the need of boosting the MG power reserves by adding energy storage systems is often a requirement. The study highlights the improvement in the MG short-term frequency stability brought by an original BESS control structure enhanced with both inertial response and an adaptive droop characteristic during battery state-of-charge limitations. The conducted analysis is accomplished by adopting aggregated models for the involved control mechanisms. The developed model is analysed in frequency domain, whereas an experimental test bench including a real-time digital simulator with BESS controller in a hardware-in-the-loop structure is used for assessing the system performances.
70 citations
"Application of hybrid energy storag..." refers methods in this paper
...In the literature, many battery based ESS for frequency support applications are present [7], [8], but most of them uses a separate grid connected converter in order to accommodate the power balance and frequency support feature of energy storage system....
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...Also the literature is based on either dc-link voltage balancing [9], [10], [11] or on the frequency stabilization [7], [8] alone using separately connected converters....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided a brief review of the latest relevant ideas that central and local governments have developed with the hope of creating more unified and stronger policies for green energy progress on track.
Abstract: The U.S. Government and the European Union have developed policies to promote microgeneration and smart grid initiatives. Many projects and significant developments have been accomplished, although the momentum has just begun. To accelerate the implementation and to include the private sector, the U.S. states and the E.U. countries have developed their policies to improve their share of green and economic energy production. The main policies have guaranteed longterm profits for the private sector and tax credits for individuals to participate. Although incredible, these policies need to be constantly compared and modified to keep the green energy progress on track. Liquidation of the government-supported renewable energy projects and consequences for the expected sustained growth of this sector show that the government subsidies have not generated enough incentives for the private sector to decrease the cost of renewable energy manufacturing and research and development. The timely and rightful intervention of government must create a strong private sector to achieve the steady momentum of growth in technical skills and manufacturing infrastructures. This article provided a brief review of the latest relevant ideas that central and local governments have developed with the hope of creating more unified and stronger policies.
59 citations
"Application of hybrid energy storag..." refers background in this paper
...With this reduced material cost and subsides [2] provided by several government bodies, the penetration of the solar and wind based microgrid systems are on the rising trend in order to trigger towards green energy establishments....
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01 Nov 2014
TL;DR: This work explores the use of hybrid EES (HEES) systems, which combine batteries and supercapacitors, to improve the profitability of RS and presents a framework for the design and management of a HEES system so as to maximize profit from the perspective of an RS provider.
Abstract: Regulation services (RS) play an important role in maintaining the stability of electric grids by correcting for short-term mismatches between electricity generation and demand. RS providers dynamically supply electricity to the grid or consume electricity from it, in response to regulation signals, in return for economic compensation. This capability is commonly realized through large-scale electrical energy storage (EES) systems based on batteries. However, the highly transient nature of the regulation signals implies that the batteries used for RS are subject to frequent charge and discharge cycles, leading to shortened battery life and thereby impacting the profitability of RS. In this work, we explore the use of hybrid EES (HEES) systems, which combine batteries and supercapacitors, to improve the profitability of RS. HEES systems have the potential to reduce the cost of providing RS by utilizing supercapacitors to respond to the high-frequency components of the regulation signal, prolonging battery life. However, realizing this potential presents several challenges. First, the benefits of HEES systems are profoundly impacted by the allocation of capacity to batteries and supercapacitors. This is because the reduction in battery replacement cost due to the use of supercapacitors must be traded off against the increased upfront cost for supercapacitors. Second, HEES systems introduce the problem of how to manage the power flows to the batteries and supercapacitors so as to realize maximum benefits. To address these challenges, we present a framework for the design and management of a HEES system, so as to maximize profit from the perspective of an RS provider. At design time, we propose a capacity optimization framework that determines the best allocation of capacity to batteries and supercapacitors. During system operation, the proposed management scheme selects how the different storage devices are orchestrated considering their characteristics, as well as the incoming regulation signal. Our experiments suggest that, with the proposed capacity optimization and management framework, the use of HEES systems can improve the profit of RS providers by 79%–196%.
18 citations
"Application of hybrid energy storag..." refers background in this paper
...Hence the task of the energy storage is doubled by not only filling the gap between RES and load to maintain the dc-link but also in stabilizing the grid conditions to support the grid frequency [6]....
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17 Mar 2015
TL;DR: A single phase grid interactive voltage source converter with the proposed energy management scheme, performs the main function of real power transfer along with ancillary services like current harmonics mitigation, reactive power support and power factor improvement at the point of common coupling (PCC).
Abstract: In this paper, a unified energy management scheme is proposed for grid interactive hybrid energy storage system (GIHESS). The intermittent nature of renewable energy resources coupled with the unpredictable changes in the loads, demand the high power and also high energy density storage systems to coexist in todays microgrid environment. A single phase grid interactive voltage source converter (GIVSC) with the proposed energy management scheme, performs the main function of real power transfer along with ancillary services like current harmonics mitigation, reactive power support and power factor improvement at the point of common coupling (PCC). Active participation of supercapacitor/battery control to handle sudden/average changes in power surges results in fast DC link voltage regulation, effective energy management and reduced current stress on battery.
17 citations
"Application of hybrid energy storag..." refers methods in this paper
...Also the literature is based on either dc-link voltage balancing [9], [10], [11] or on the frequency stabilization [7], [8] alone using separately connected converters....
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