Application of Improved Technique in Tracing Karyotype Differences Between Strains of Lathyrus odoratus L
25 Nov 1959-Cytologia (Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology)-Vol. 24, Iss: 3, pp 389-402
TL;DR: It has been revealed, that in spite of a homogeneity amongst all the strains, each strain is characterised by its own karyotype, which suggests that the structural changes of chromosomes have always been associated with the evolution of different varieties.
Abstract: In order to find out how far karyotypic changes or undetectable gene mutations have been associated with the origin of different varieties of Lathyrus odoratus, which differ in flower colour, leaf nature, tendril character etc., a thorough analysis of the karyotype of different pure varieties of L. odoratus have been carried out in the present investigation. For this purpose a new improved method involving pre-treatment with paradichlorobenzene was employed and the procedure for all the strains had been kept constant.It has been revealed, that in spite of a homogeneity amongst all the strains, each strain is characterised by its own karyotype. They mainly differ with respect to the number and position of constriction regions in chromosomes. All these facts suggest that the structural changes of chromosomes have always been associated with the evolution of different varieties.Regular meiosis noticed in these strains can be explained by assuming that through extensive cultivation and selection all the structural alterations have attained a state of homozygosity.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: Phenetic distance and principal component analysis showed that in spite of the differences observed among entities, they can be grouped in clusters that coincide with the taxonomic sections established by F. K. Kupicha and with the life cycle of the species.
Abstract: The karyotypes of 10 species and one variety of South American Lathyrus were determined and compared with those obtained of five entities from the Northern Hemisphere. Although all the species have a chromosome number of 2n = 14, they could be differentiated by their karyotype formula and quantitative parameters of the karyotypes. Phenetic distance and principal component analysis showed that in spite of the differences observed among entities, they can be grouped in clusters that coincide with the taxonomic sections established by F. K. Kupicha and with the life cycle of the species. South American species form a homogeneous group and can be distinguished by the presence of a subtelocentric pair, which has a macrosatellite in the long arm, and the lack of a short metacentric pair characteristic of most species of the Northern Hemisphere. From an evolutionary point of view, variation in total chromosome length without major changes in the karyotype formula suggests that changes in the amounts of genomic DNA are proportional to the relative length of each chromosome arm and that species of Notolathyrus evolved in a concerted fashion. Variation in genome size, however, is congruent with morphological variation of some reproductive organs as well as with the life cycle and minimum generation time, as predicted by the nucleotype hypothesis.
98 citations
TL;DR: A variety of karyotypic differences were seen among six Lathyrus species, in part these differences are the result of different numbers of metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes in the complement but there were also clear differences in the number of secondary constrictions.
Abstract: Secondary constrictions and NORs of of Lathyrus investigated by silver staining and in-situ hybridization
33 citations
TL;DR: Innerhalb der Tribus Vicieae (Fam. Fabaceae) bilden Lathyrus, Pisum, Vicia and Lens einen Komplex recht nahe verwandter Gattungen, which enthalt die phylogenetisch altesten Formenkreise.
Abstract: Innerhalb der Tribus Vicieae (Fam. Fabaceae) bilden Lathyrus, Pisum, Vicia und Lens einen Komplex recht nahe verwandter Gattungen. Die Grundung der Gattung Orobus L. auf die rankenlosen Lathyrus-Arten mit nicht gedrehtem Griffel ist unnaturlich und kann nicht aufrecht erhalten werden. Ebenso kunstlich ist die Trennung der rankenlosen von den rankentragenden Arten als Sect. Orobus und Sect. Orobastrum Boiss. Beide Sektionen werden zum Subgenus Orobus zusammengefast. Diese Untergattung enthalt die phylogenetisch altesten Formenkreise. Alle nordamerikanischen Arten (auser Lathyrus pusillus Elliot) gehoren ebenfalls hierher, die systematische Stellung der sudamerikanischen und ihre Beziehungen zu den eurasiatischen und nordamerikanischen Arten ist im einzelnen noch unklar.
Das Subgen. Orobus wird in die Sektionen Orobus, Platystylis, Pratensis, Eurytrichon, Orobon und Neurolobus gegliedert. Aufrechter Wuchs, vielpaarig gefiederte Blatter mit grosen, breiten Blattchen und Nebenblattern, vielblutige Blutentrauben, dorsiventrale Kelche und lineale Griffel charakterisieren die Arten der Sect. Orobus, die fast alle Bewohner der Laubund Nadelwalder der gemasigten Zone sind. Sie bilden zusammen mit den nordamerikanischen Arten den Grundstock eines alten tertiaren Gurtelareals, aus dem sich zahlreiche weitere Formenkreise entwickelt haben, die heute vor allem das Mediterrangebiet Europas und Sudwestasien bewohnen.
31 citations
TL;DR: Measurements of genome size, using flow cytometry, and observations on the karyotypes, as well as the analysis of meiotic pairing of F1 hybrids, all show that this development has not been accompanied by changes in karyotype or genome size.
Abstract: The sweet pea, Lathyrus odoratus, has a well-documented history of the development of its cultivars in various parts of the world. Measurements of genome size, using flow cytometry, and observations on the karyotypes, as well as the analysis of meiotic pairing of F1 hybrids (between the wild sweet pea and two modern cultivars), all show that this development has not been accompanied by changes in karyotype or genome size. However, the cultivars do differ in pollen size and guard cell chloroplast number, both characteristics that have been suggested to be controlled by the nucleotype; however, this is clearly not the case in L. odoratus.
28 citations
TL;DR: The ISSR technique was able to characterize and differentiate between the different studied genotypes of the Lathyrus species, and provided evidence of high molecular polymorphism, showing that both wild and cultivated species forms constitute an important pool of diversity.
Abstract: The genus Lathyrus constitutes an important phytogenetic patrimony as a source of traditional foodstuffs in Tunisia. An Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) technique was employed to assess genetic diversity and relationships of seven Mediterranean species of the genus Lathyrus belonging to four sections (Lathyrus, Clymenum, Nissolia and Aphaca). The molecular characterization and fingerprint identification of 11 populations representing the Lathyrus species were conducted using 11 ISSR primers (seven 3’ anchored primers and four non-anchored primers). A total of 261 polymorphic markers have been successfully generated, ranging between 400 and 3000 base pairs, with a mean of 23.72 bands/primer. The percentage of polymorphic bands for these species was 98.12%. The ISSR technique was able to characterize and differentiate between the different studied genotypes of the Lathyrus species. Genetic distance within and between populations was estimated by calculating the similarity index. The similarity i...
17 citations
Cites background from "Application of Improved Technique i..."
...…chromosome number, there are variations in chromosome size, in centromere location, and in the number, size and location of secondary constrictions (Sharma and Datta 1959; Roy and Singh 1967; Federov 1969; Fouzdar and Tandon 1975; Broich 1989; Battistin and Fernảndez 1994), and in DNA content,…...
[...]
References
More filters
1,143 citations
TL;DR: The action of different prefixing agents including water and a dilute CaCl2 solution on plants with high chromosome number showed that all the solutions tried exhibited marked effect on the physical state of the plasma.
Abstract: The action of different prefixing agents including water and a dilute CaCl2 solution on plants with high chromosome number showed that all the solutions tried exhibited marked effect on the physical state of the plasma. Also the plasmatic constitution of the pretreated tissue differed from the appearance of one fixed directly in dye-acid mixture for a few seconds without any pre-treatment. For the clarification of the karyotypes, the best results have been obtained with paradichlorobenzene. It was used as a prefixing agent with a short schedule for temporary smears of difficult materials, particularly those with high chromosome number. The method comprised treatment of the root tips in a saturated aqueous solution of the chemical for 3 hours at 12-16°C., followed by 4-5 seconds heating just to boiling in orcein-hydrochloric acid mixture, then smearing in 1% aceto-orcein solution.
64 citations
50 citations
TL;DR: The study of the chromosomes of palms has always been considered very difficult, as is clearly evidenced by the lack of data on a large number of genera.
Abstract: THE study of the chromosomes of palms has always been considered very difficult, as is clearly evidenced by the lack of data on a large number of genera1. Even where the number of chromosomes has been recorded, the details of the structure are unknown.
42 citations
24 citations