Application of the Pegasor Particle Sensor for the Measurement of Mass and Particle Number Emissions
08 Apr 2013-SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants (SAE International)-Vol. 6, Iss: 2, pp 521-531
About: This article is published in SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants.The article was published on 2013-04-08. It has received 45 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Particle number & Diesel exhaust.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: A review of vehicle exhaust particulate emission measurements can be found in this article, where the focus is on current and newly evolving instrumentation, including gravimetric filter measurement, chemical analysis of filters, light extinction, scattering and absorption instruments, and instruments based on the electrical detection of exhaust aerosols.
249 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the physical and chemical properties of diesel particulate matter (PM) generated at different boost and injection pressures on a modern light-duty diesel engine.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a measurement campaign has been performed on a Snecma/NPO Saturn SaM146-1S17 turbofan, where radial and angular profiles of particulate matter (PM) properties in the engine exhaust hot flow were measured.
50 citations
TL;DR: This paper gives an overview of the studies for SPN-PEMS from early 2013 with the first prototypes until the latest testing and improvements in 2019, and addresses measurement uncertainty at the on-road emission results measured with PEMS.
Abstract: Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for gaseous pollutants were firstly introduced in the United States regulation to check the in-use compliance of heavy-duty engines, avoiding the high costs of removing the engine and testing it on a dynamometer in the laboratory. In Europe, the in-service conformity of heavy-duty engines has been checked with PEMS for gaseous pollutants since 2014. To strengthen emissions regulations with a view to minimise the differences between on-road and laboratory emission levels in some cases, PEMS testing, including solid particle number (SPN), was introduced for the type-approval of light-duty vehicles in Europe in 2017 and for in-service conformity in 2019. SPN-PEMS for heavy-duty engines will be introduced in 2021. This paper gives an overview of the studies for SPN-PEMS from early 2013 with the first prototypes until the latest testing and improvements in 2019. The first prototype diffusion charger (DC) based systems had high differences from the reference laboratory systems at the first light-duty vehicles campaign. Tightening of the technical requirements and improvements from the instrument manufacturers resulted in differences of around 50%. Similar differences were found in an inter-laboratory comparison exercise with the best performing DC- and CPC- (condensation particle counter) based system. The heavy-duty evaluation phase at a single lab and later at various European laboratories revealed higher differences due to the small size of the urea generated particles and their high charge at elevated temperatures. This issue, along with robustness at low ambient temperatures, was addressed by the instrument manufacturers bringing the measurement uncertainty to the 50% levels. This measurement uncertainty needs to be considered at the on-road emission results measured with PEMS.
49 citations
Cites methods from "Application of the Pegasor Particle..."
...Pegasor (DC): The PPS-M from Pegasor (Tampere, Finland) consisted of a VPR and DC at the same unit [96,97]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the Lung Depressed Surface Area (LDSA) is used to predict health effects from aerosol exposure, which is a relatively new metric that has been argued to be more accurate at predicting health effects.
Abstract: Lung deposited surface area (LDSA) is a relatively new metric that has been argued to be more accurate at predicting health effects from aerosol exposure. For typical atmospheric aerosol, the LDSA ...
37 citations
Cites background or methods from "Application of the Pegasor Particle..."
...In reality, this conversion is not possible under typical ambient conditions, and furthermore, is applicable only in specific occasions, for example, in engine exhaust emission measurements (Ntziachristos et al. 2013)....
[...]
...The sensor unit and the core of the Pegasor AQ Urban is practically another instrument called a Pegasor PPS-M sensor (Pegasor Ltd., Finland) originally designed for automotive exhaust emission measurements (see e.g. Maricq 2013; Ntziachristos et al. 2013; Amanatidis et al. 2016, 2017)....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: The effective density provides the relationship between mobility and aerodynamic equivalent diameters and shows that mass distributions of diesel particles measured with the SMPS-APM are in good agreement with distributions measured with a MOUDI and a nano-MOUDI for particles larger than approximately 60 nm.
Abstract: We used the aerosol particle mass analyzer (APM) to measure the mass of mobility-classified diesel exhaust particles. This information enabled us to determine the effective density and fractal dimension of diesel particles as a function of engine load. We found that the effective density decreases as particle size increases. TEM images showed that this occurs because particles become more highly agglomerated as size increases. Effective density and fractal dimension increased somewhat as engine load decreased. TEM images suggest that this occurs because these particles contain more condensed fuel and/or lubricating oil. Also, we observed higher effective densities when high-sulfur EPA fuel (∼360 ppm S) was used than for Fischer−Tropsch fuel (∼0 ppm S). In addition, the effective density provides the relationship between mobility and aerodynamic equivalent diameters. The relationship between these diameters enables us to intercompare, in terms of a common measure of size, mass distributions measured with t...
502 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the size distributions of diesel exhaust particulate matter measured from a large number of vehicles and test engines, using a variety of diesel fuels, collapse onto a single characteristic lognormal distribution, when normalized by total particle number and plotted against a scaled diameter.
449 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of temperature on the mobility of protonated amines in helium, air, CO{sub 2}, and SF{sub 6} was studied by ion mobility spectrometry.
Abstract: The effect of temperature, between 87 and 250{degree}C, on the mobility of protonated amines in helium, air, CO{sub 2}, and SF{sub 6} was studied by ion mobility spectrometry. In helium, the reduced mobility was found to decrease as the temperature was raised, due to an increase in the collision cross section, and was approximately proportional to T{sup {minus}1/2}. In CO{sub 2}, where clustering takes place at low temperatures, raising the temperature led to an increase in the reduced mobility, mainly due to breakdown of the clusters and a decrease in the effective mass of the ion. In air, where only little clustering was observed, the reduced mobility of light ions increases with the temperature, while for heavy ions the opposite was found. In SF{sub 6}, like in CO{sub 2}, the increase of the reduced mobility with temperature was attributed to breakdown of clusters. An expression for the temperature dependence of the reduced mobility in each of these drift gases was determined semiempirically.
39 citations