Applications of Nanofluids: Current and Future:
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe suspensions of nanoparticles in fluids that show significant enhancement of their properties at modest nanoparticle concentrations, i.e., at nanoparticles' concentrations.
Abstract: Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in fluids that show significant enhancement of their properties at modest nanoparticle concentrations. Many of the publications on nanofluids are about u...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the recent progress on the study of nanofluids, such as the preparation methods, the evaluation methods for the stability of nanometrics, and the ways to enhance the stability for nanofl fluids, and presented the broad range of current and future applications in various fields including energy and mechanical and biomedical fields.
Abstract: Nanofluids, the fluid suspensions of nanomaterials, have shown many interesting properties, and the distinctive features offer unprecedented potential for many applications. This paper summarizes the recent progress on the study of nanofluids, such as the preparation methods, the evaluation methods for the stability of nanofluids, and the ways to enhance the stability for nanofluids, the stability mechanisms of nanofluids, and presents the broad range of current and future applications in various fields including energy and mechanical and biomedical fields. At last, the paper identifies the opportunities for future research.
1,320 citations
Cites background from "Applications of Nanofluids: Current..."
...For US industry, the replacement of cooling and heating water with nanofluids has the potential to conserve 1 trillion Btu of energy [41, 64]....
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22 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Premises of creation of Internet portal designed to provide access to participants of educational and scientific process for the joint creation, consolidation, concentration and rapid spreading of educationaland scientific information resources in its own depository are considered.
Abstract: Premises of creation of Internet portal designed to provide access to participants of educational and scientific process for the joint creation, consolidation, concentration and rapid spreading of educational and scientific information resources in its own depository are considered. CMS-based portal content management systems’ potentiality is investigated. Architecture for Internet portal of MES of Ukraine’s information resources is offered.
969 citations
Additional excerpts
...промисловість, електронні охолоджувальні системи, радіатори, тощо [41])....
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TL;DR: A critical synthesis of the variants within the thermophysical properties of nanofluids is presented in this article, where the experimental results for the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity reported by several authors are in disagreement.
943 citations
Cites background from "Applications of Nanofluids: Current..."
...Nanofluids appear to have the potential to significantly increase heat transfer rates in a variety of areas such as industrial cooling applications, nuclear reactors, transportation industry (automobiles, trucks, and airplanes), micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), electronics and instrumentation, and biomedical applications (nano-drug delivery, cancer therapeutics, cryopreservation) [2]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review summarizes recent researches on synthesis, thermophysical properties, heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics, possible applications and challenges of hybrid nanofluids, and showed that proper hybridization may make the hybrid nanoparticles very promising for heat transfer enhancement, however, lot of research works are still needed in the fields of preparation and stability, characterization and applications to overcome the challenges.
Abstract: Researches on the nanofluids have been increased very rapidly over the past decade. In spite of some inconsistency in the reported results and insufficient understanding of the mechanism of the heat transfer in nanofluids, it has been emerged as a promising heat transfer fluid. In the continuation of nanofluids research, the researchers have also tried to use hybrid nanofluid recently, which is engineered by suspending dissimilar nanoparticles either in mixture or composite form. The idea of using hybrid nanofluids is to further improvement of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics by trade-off between advantages and disadvantages of individual suspension, attributed to good aspect ratio, better thermal network and synergistic effect of nanomaterials. This review summarizes recent researches on synthesis, thermophysical properties, heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics, possible applications and challenges of hybrid nanofluids. Review showed that proper hybridization may make the hybrid nanofluids very promising for heat transfer enhancement, however, lot of research works is still needed in the fields of preparation and stability, characterization and applications to overcome the challenges.
846 citations
Cites background from "Applications of Nanofluids: Current..."
...Therefore, oil-based nanofluids containing carbon nanotubes, TiO2, CuO, Al2O3, AlN and SiO2, for industrial and engineering applications, have attracted some more attention in recent years [10–12]....
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...[2–3,12–64])....
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...Application areas are widely varied such as electronic cooling, engine cooling/vehicle thermal management, generator cooling, coolant in machining, welding, nuclear system cooling, lubrication, thermal storage, solar heating, cooling and heating in buildings, transformer cooling, biomedical, drug reduction, heat pipe, refrigeration, space, defense and ships [3,12,21,32,33,42,52,54,55,59,104]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation of metal and metal oxides nanofluids and hybrid or composite nano-fluids is discussed, and various techniques used to study the physical and chemical characteristics of nanof-luids are presented.
Abstract: Selection of suitable heat transfer fluid for heat dissipation is an important consideration in the design of heat exchanging systems. Nanofluid, a colloidal mixture made of a base fluid and a nanoparticle, is a new generation of heat transfer fluids becoming a high potential fluid in heat transfer applications due to enhanced thermal conductivity. Research studies about nanofluids are on the rise owing to the mounting interest and demand for nanofluids as heat transfer fluids in a wide variety of applications. Recently, nanofluid technology has a new dimension of impregnating two or more nanoparticles in base fluids, namely hybrid or composite nanofluids. This paper reviews the preparation of metal and metal oxides nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids and the various techniques used to study the physical and chemical characteristics of nanofluids. Thermo-physical and heat transfer properties of nanofluids including the improved thermal conductivity, viscosity and specific heat models for nanofluids are presented. Finally, various application areas of nanofluids, such as transportation, electronic cooling, energy storage, mechanical applications etc. are discussed.
462 citations
References
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TL;DR: A review of gold nanoparticles can be found in this article, where the most stable metal nanoparticles, called gold colloids (AuNPs), have been used for catalysis and biology applications.
Abstract: Although gold is the subject of one of the most ancient themes of investigation in science, its renaissance now leads to an exponentially increasing number of publications, especially in the context of emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology with nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). We will limit the present review to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), also called gold colloids. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles, and they present fascinating aspects such as their assembly of multiple types involving materials science, the behavior of the individual particles, size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties (quantum size effect), and their applications to catalysis and biology. Their promises are in these fields as well as in the bottom-up approach of nanotechnology, and they will be key materials and building block in the 21st century. Whereas the extraction of gold started in the 5th millennium B.C. near Varna (Bulgaria) and reached 10 tons per year in Egypt around 1200-1300 B.C. when the marvelous statue of Touthankamon was constructed, it is probable that “soluble” gold appeared around the 5th or 4th century B.C. in Egypt and China. In antiquity, materials were used in an ecological sense for both aesthetic and curative purposes. Colloidal gold was used to make ruby glass 293 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 293−346
11,752 citations
"Applications of Nanofluids: Current..." refers background in this paper
...For a thorough and up-todate overview the paper by Daniel and Astruc [48] and the references cited therein may be consulted....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an exhaustive review of the literature in this area and suggest a direction for future developments, including heat transfer, material science, physics, chemical engineering and synthetic chemistry.
Abstract: Suspended nanoparticles in conventional fluids, called nanofluids, have been the subject of intensive study worldwide since pioneering researchers recently discovered the anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. The enhanced thermal conductivity of these fluids with small-particle concentration was surprising and could not be explained by existing theories. Micrometer-sized particle-fluid suspensions exhibit no such dramatic enhancement. This difference has led to studies of other modes of heat transfer and efforts to develop a comprehensive theory. This article presents an exhaustive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments. The review and suggestions could be useful because the literature in this area is spread over a wide range of disciplines, including heat transfer, material science, physics, chemical engineering and synthetic chemistry.
1,069 citations
"Applications of Nanofluids: Current..." refers background in this paper
...From previous investigations, nanofluids have been found to possess enhanced thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, viscosity and convective heat transfer coefficients compared to those of base fluids like oil or water [1–6] From the current review, it can be seen that nanofluids clearly exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity, which goes up with increasing volumetric fraction of nanoparticles....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a detailed literature review and an assessment of results of the research and development work forming the current status of nanofluid technology for heat transfer applications.
Abstract: This study provides a detailed literature review and an assessment of results of the research and development work forming the current status of nanofluid technology for heat transfer applications. Nanofluid technology is a relatively new field, and as such, the supporting studies are not extensive. Specifically, experimental results were reviewed in this study regarding the enhancement of the thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer of nanofluids relative to conventional heat transfer fluids, and assessments were made as to the state-of-the-art of verified parametric trends and magnitudes. Pertinent parameters of particle volume concentration, particle material, particle size, particle shape, base fluid material, temperature, additive, and acidity were considered individually, and experimental results from multiple research groups were used together when assessing results. To this end, published research results from many studies were recast using a common parameter to facilitate comparisons of data among research groups and to identify thermal property and heat transfer trends. The current state of knowledge is presented as well as areas where the data are presently inconclusive or conflicting. Heat transfer enhancement for available nanofluids is shown to be in the 15-40% range, with a few situations resulting in orders of magnitude enhancement.
1,023 citations
"Applications of Nanofluids: Current..." refers background in this paper
...These could benefit from the high thermal conductivity offered by nanofluids that resulted from addition of nanoparticles [2, 21]....
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TL;DR: In this review, an overview of the chemistry of both manufactured and natural aquatic NPs is outlined and key advances related to the characterisation of the manufactured NPs and natural colloids are identified.
980 citations
"Applications of Nanofluids: Current..." refers background in this paper
...nanoparticles [10], and there is no pretense that a review...
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