Approche projective de la représentation de soi des adolescents de fratrie avec autisme

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sibling recurrence risk in autism has been estimated to be approximately 10%. This study investigated subsyndromal autistic impairments among siblings of probands with pervasive developmental disorders. METHOD: The authors used the Social Responsiveness Scale to obtain quantitative assessments of autistic social impairment in three groups of proband-sibling pairs: 1) autistic children from multiple-incidence families and their closest in age nonautistic brothers (N=49 pairs); 2) children with any pervasive developmental disorder, including autism, and their closest-in-age brothers (N=100 pairs), and 3) children with psychopathology unrelated to autism and their closest-in-age brothers (N=45 pairs). RESULTS: Sibling Social Responsiveness Scale scores were continuously distributed and substantially elevated for both the autistic and pervasive developmental disorder groups. Highest scores (i.e., greatest impairment) were seen among siblings of autistic probands from multiple-incidence families, fo...

Abstract: Siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be at an increased risk of adjustment problems. To examine possible predictors of adjustment difficulties in siblings, 70 mothers with at least one child with ASD and one typical child completed surveys of symptom severity in the child with ASD, impact of the child with ASD on the sibling, maternal depression, and broader autism phenotype (BAP) and behavioral adjustment in the typical sibling. A path analysis indicated that symptom severity in the children with ASD was positively associated with adjustment difficulties in the typical siblings; this relationship was mediated by maternal depression, but not sibling impact. Further, greater expression of the BAP in the siblings was associated with more adjustment difficulties, and this relationship was moderated by autism severity in the children with ASD, such that the relationship was stronger at high levels of ASD severity than at lower levels. These findings highlight the importance of assessing functioning of all family members when working with individuals with ASD and their families.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this literature review is to summarize studies on siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in four major areas, to identify gaps in the literature, and to propose future directions for research of siblings of persons with ASD. DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic review of research published within the past 10 years in peer review journals includes investigations on siblings' and parental characteristics, as well as sibling behaviors, relationships, and adaptation. Twelve studies are synthesized to include purpose, findings, and discussion relating it to previous work. RESULTS: Siblings are influenced by the context of their families that are impacted by biological, psychological, sociological, and ecological factors. Research studies are primarily exploratory and no intervention studies are identified. CONCLUSION: The literature review of parental and sibling characteristics, relationships, and adaptation support intervention measures for siblings and family members of persons with autism. Assessment of siblings is necessary to identify those who may be at risk for future adjustment problems and maladaptive behaviors.

Abstract: Resume L’article vise a etudier de quelle maniere le jeu structurant des mouvements agressifs se trouve contrarie dans la relation fraternelle avec une personne autiste. Apres un rappel theorique sur les distinctions entre violence et agressivite, nous montrons a partir d’exemples cliniques que la violence specifique et inherente a la pathologie autistique constitue parfois un obstacle a la creation du lien fraternel, en suscitant chez les freres et sœurs des eprouves qu’il leur est difficile d’admettre en eux. Ensuite, nous expliquons en quoi le processus d’identification, pivot de la construction du lien fraternel, est profondement perturbe par l’autisme, pathologie difficilement representable : les freres et sœurs peinent a reconnaitre en ce frere si etrange un semblable. Enfin, nous explorons l’interet d’un travail therapeutique pour la fratrie.

Abstract: Resume L'adolescence est une periode au cours de laquelle la psyche est fortement sollicitee par les changements de tous ordres auxquels les jeunes sujets sont confrontes. A partir de deux protocoles de Rorschach, en suivant une methodologie centree sur l'etude de la qualite de l'investissement narcissique, la mobilisation des identifications et la centration sur la pensee, l'auteur s'attache a illustrer la maniere dont les processus de changement passent par un fort investissement des processus de pensee et une centration positive sur le narcissisme. Les aspects excessifs des productions adolescentes meritent d'etre connus pour ne pas etre confondus avec des signes pathologiques.