Aqueous glucose measurement using differential absorption-based frequency domain optical coherence tomography at wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1625 nm
15 Jul 2015-Biomedical spectroscopy and imaging (International Society for Optics and Photonics)-Vol. 9537, pp 953711
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of differential absorption technique and frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) was used for detection of glucose, which is an important analyte in medical diagnosis of diabetes.
Abstract: This work presents a combination of differential absorption technique and frequency domain optical coherence tomography for detection of glucose, which is an important analyte in medical diagnosis of diabetes. Differential absorption technique is used to detect glucose selectively in the presence of interfering species especially water and frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT) helps to obtain faster acquisition of depth information. Two broadband super-luminescent diode (SLED) sources with centre wavelengths 1586 nm (wavelength range of 1540 to 1640 nm) and 1312 nm (wavelength range of 1240 to 1380 nm) and a spectral width of ≈ 60 nm (FWHM) are used. Preliminary studies on absorption spectroscopy using various concentrations of aqueous glucose solution gave promising results to distinguish the absorption characteristics of glucose at two wavelengths 1310 nm (outside the absorption band of glucose) and 1625 nm (within the absorption band of glucose). In order to mimic the optical properties of biological skin tissue, 2% and 10% of 20% intralipid with various concentrations of glucose (0 to 4000 mg/dL) was prepared and used as sample. Using OCT technique, interference spectra were obtained using an optical spectrum analyzer with a resolution of 0.5 nm. Further processing of the interference spectra provided information on reflections from the surfaces of the cuvette containing the aqueous glucose sample. Due to the absorption of glucose in the wavelength range of 1540 nm to 1640 nm, a trend of reduction in the intensity of the back reflected light was observed with increase in the concentration of glucose.
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TL;DR: Non-invasive glucose measurement methods are reviewed and categorized based on: the intrinsic properties of glucose, blood/tissue properties and breath acetone analysis to highlight potential critical commonalities among the challenges that act as barriers to future progress.
Abstract: Annual deaths in the U.S. attributed to diabetes are expected to increase from 280,210 in 2015 to 385,840 in 2030. The increase in the number of people affected by diabetes has made it one of the major public health challenges around the world. Better management of diabetes has the potential to decrease yearly medical costs and deaths associated with the disease. Non-invasive methods are in high demand to take the place of the traditional finger prick method as they can facilitate continuous glucose monitoring. Research groups have been trying for decades to develop functional commercial non-invasive glucose measurement devices. The challenges associated with non-invasive glucose monitoring are the many factors that contribute to inaccurate readings. We identify and address the experimental and physiological challenges and provide recommendations to pave the way for a systematic pathway to a solution. We have reviewed and categorized non-invasive glucose measurement methods based on: (1) the intrinsic properties of glucose, (2) blood/tissue properties and (3) breath acetone analysis. This approach highlights potential critical commonalities among the challenges that act as barriers to future progress. The focus here is on the pertinent physiological aspects, remaining challenges, recent advancements and the sensors that have reached acceptable clinical accuracy.
101 citations
Cites methods from "Aqueous glucose measurement using d..."
...A third solution to improve the selective detection of glucose is a combined OCT technique with the Mueller matrix polarimetry technique [145] and a combined OCT technique with dual-wavelength absorption based technique [117,146,147]....
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TL;DR: The superluminescent diode based differential absorption frequency domain low-coherence interferometry (FD-DALCI) technique is proposed and demonstrated for sensing physiological concentrations of glucose in oral mucosa simulating phantoms with wavelengths at 1589 and 1310 nm.
Abstract: The superluminescent diode based differential absorption frequency domain low-coherence interferometry (FD-DALCI) technique is proposed and demonstrated for sensing physiological concentrations of glucose (0–250 mg/dl) in oral mucosa simulating phantoms (intralipid of concentrations 0.25–0.50%) with wavelengths at 1589 and 1310 nm. The proposed technique allows simultaneous measurements of refractive index based spectral shift and estimation of physiological concentration of glucose in intralipid with scattering characteristics using the differential absorption approach. The sensitivity of the glucose concentration obtained by spectral shift measurement was ≈0.016 nm/(mg/dl), irrespective of the intralipid concentration. The resolution of the glucose level was estimated to be ≈15 mg/dl in 0.25% intralipid and ≈19 mg/dl in 0.5% intralipid using the FD-DALCI technique.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a supercontinuum source based dual wavelength low coherence interferometry (DWLCI) technique is proposed to measure glucose in the aqueous humor of the eye.
Abstract: Supercontinuum source based dual wavelength low coherence interferometry (DWLCI) technique is proposed to measure glucose in the aqueous humor of the eye. Studies were conducted in the second overtone region, first overtone region and combination band to determine the favourable wavelength region for glucose measurement. Bandpass filters at centre wavelengths 1300 nm, 1580 nm, 2100 nm and 2250 nm were used to filter out appropriate bands of interest for the study from the broad wavelength range of 900–2800 nm. In the studies, human eye model was used to simulate the anterior chamber of the eye containing artificial aqueous humor with varying physiological concentrations of glucose ranging from 0 to 250 mg/dl. Studies based on spectral shift measurements and relative reflectivity were conducted. Enhancement in the resolution of glucose was obtained in the combination band at 2100 nm compared to the first overtone region at 1580 nm, due to the increase in the absorption of glucose in the combination band. Glucose resolution of ≈10.3 mg/dl was estimated in the first overtone region. Whereas, an enhancement in the resolution of glucose of ≈2.4 mg/dl was attained in the combination band.
7 citations
01 Oct 2018
TL;DR: Differential absorption based frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-DAOCT) was proposed and demonstrated for sensing glucose in saline and in ex vivo human gingival tissue as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Differential absorption based frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-DAOCT) technique is proposed and demonstrated for sensing glucose in saline and in ex vivo human gingival tissue. A broad band supercontinuum source at wavelengths 1580 nm and 1300 nm is employed in the proposed study.
3 citations
31 Jul 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a supercontinuum laser source based differential absorption frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-DAOCT) was proposed and demonstrated at multiple wavelengths in the near infrared region.
Abstract: Glucose sensing in oral tissue mimicking phantoms using supercontinuum laser source based differential absorption frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-DAOCT) technique is proposed and demonstrated at multiple wavelengths in the near infrared region.
3 citations
Cites methods from "Aqueous glucose measurement using d..."
...1, difference (Δ) in the OCT signals (SOCT) can be obtained [3-5] as, ( ) ( ) ( )z C z S z S...
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References
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TL;DR: This review aims to summarize existing technology, the methods for assessing glucose sensing devices and provide an overview of emergent sensing modalities to become a critical component of the closed loop insulin delivery system.
Abstract: Glucose monitoring technology has been used in the management of diabetes for three decades. Traditional devices use enzymatic methods to measure glucose concentration and provide point sample information. More recently continuous glucose monitoring devices have become available providing more detailed data on glucose excursions. In future applications the continuous glucose sensor may become a critical component of the closed loop insulin delivery system and, as such, must be selective, rapid, predictable and acceptable for continuous patient use. Many potential sensing modalities are being pursued including optical and transdermal techniques. This review aims to summarize existing technology, the methods for assessing glucose sensing devices and provide an overview of emergent sensing modalities.
541 citations
TL;DR: This article reviews many of the recent advances in optical glucose sensing including optical absorption spectroscopy, polarimetry, Raman spectroscopes, and fluorescent glucose sensing and a review of calibration and data processing methods useful for optical techniques is presented.
Abstract: Recent technological advancements in the photonics industry have led to a resurgence of interest in optical glucose sensing and to realistic progress toward the development of an optical glucose sensor Such a sensor has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life for the estimated 16 million diabetics in this country by making routine glucose measurements more convenient Currently over 100 small companies and universities are working to develop noninvasive or minimally invasive glucose sensing technologies, and optical methods play a large role in these efforts This article reviews many of the recent advances in optical glucose sensing including optical absorption spectroscopy, polarimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescent glucose sensing In addition a review of calibration and data processing methods useful for optical techniques is presented
433 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary evidence is provided and cautious optimism is allowed that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using the 1050-2450 nm wavelength range can be used to predict blood glucose concentrations noninvasively.
Abstract: Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose by diabetics is crucial in the reduction of complications related to diabetes. Current monitoring techniques are invasive and painful, and discourage regular use. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance over the 1050–2450 nm wavelength range for noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose.
Methods: Two approaches were used to develop calibration models for predicting the concentration of blood glucose. In the first approach, seven diabetic subjects were studied over a 35-day period with random collection of NIR spectra. Corresponding blood samples were collected for analyte analysis during the collection of each NIR spectrum. The second approach involved three nondiabetic subjects and the use of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) over multiple days to cause fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations. Twenty NIR spectra were collected over the 3.5-h test, with 16 corresponding blood specimens taken for analyte analysis.
Results: Statistically valid calibration models were developed on three of the seven diabetic subjects. The mean standard error of prediction through cross-validation was 1.41 mmol/L (25 mg/dL). The results from the OGTT testing of three nondiabetic subjects yielded a mean standard error of calibration of 1.1 mmol/L (20 mg/dL). Validation of the calibration model with an independent test set produced a mean standard error of prediction equivalent to 1.03 mmol/L (19 mg/dL).
Conclusions: These data provide preliminary evidence and allow cautious optimism that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using the 1050–2450 nm wavelength range can be used to predict blood glucose concentrations noninvasively. Substantial research is still required to validate whether this technology is a viable tool for long-term home diagnostic use by diabetics.
425 citations
TL;DR: The gap between the established need and current technology limitations for in vivo glucose measurements is discussed, and several technologies have potential for leading to viable measuring devices, but most of the data are based on in vitro experimentation.
Abstract: Frequent determination of glucose concentrations in diabetic patients is an important tool for diabetes management. This requires repetitive lancing and finger bleeding. Use of noninvasive (NI) detection techniques offers several advantages, such as the absence of pain and exposure to sharp objects and biohazard materials, the potential for increased frequency of testing, and hence, tighter control of the glucose concentrations, and the potential for a closed-loop system including a monitor and an insulin pump. These potential advantages have led to considerable interest in the commercialization of NI glucose monitoring devices. Review of the scientific, patent, and commercial literature indicates that the spectroscopic basis for NI determination of glucose is not yet well established, and attempts at commercialization may be several steps ahead of our understanding the origin and characteristics of an in vivo glucose-specific or glucose-related signal. Several technologies have potential for leading to viable measuring devices, but most of the data are based on in vitro experimentation. Because of the technical complexity of in vivo glucose measurements, this review aims at discussing the gap between the established need and current technology limitations.
393 citations
TL;DR: The use of Raman spectroscopy is demonstrated to measure the concentration of many important constituents (analytes) in serum and whole blood samples at physiological concentration in vitro across a multipatient data set.
Abstract: We demonstrate the use of Raman spectroscopy to measure the
concentration of many important constituents (analytes) in serum
and whole blood samples at physiological concentration in
vitro across a multipatient data set. A near-infrared
(830-nm) diode laser generates Raman spectra that contain
superpositions of Raman signals from different
analytes. Calibrations for glucose, cholesterol, urea, and other
analytes are developed by use of partial least-squares cross
validation. We predict six analytes in serum with significant
accuracy in a 66-patient data set, using 60-s spectra. The
calibrations are shown to be fairly robust against system drift over
the span of seven weeks. In whole blood, a preliminary analysis
yields accurate predictions of some of the same analytes and also
hematocrit. The results hold promise for potential medical
applications.
309 citations