ArcFace: Additive Angular Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition
15 Jun 2019-pp 4690-4699
TL;DR: This paper presents arguably the most extensive experimental evaluation against all recent state-of-the-art face recognition methods on ten face recognition benchmarks, and shows that ArcFace consistently outperforms the state of the art and can be easily implemented with negligible computational overhead.
Abstract: One of the main challenges in feature learning using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) for large-scale face recognition is the design of appropriate loss functions that can enhance the discriminative power. Centre loss penalises the distance between deep features and their corresponding class centres in the Euclidean space to achieve intra-class compactness. SphereFace assumes that the linear transformation matrix in the last fully connected layer can be used as a representation of the class centres in the angular space and therefore penalises the angles between deep features and their corresponding weights in a multiplicative way. Recently, a popular line of research is to incorporate margins in well-established loss functions in order to maximise face class separability. In this paper, we propose an Additive Angular Margin Loss (ArcFace) to obtain highly discriminative features for face recognition. The proposed ArcFace has a clear geometric interpretation due to its exact correspondence to geodesic distance on a hypersphere. We present arguably the most extensive experimental evaluation against all recent state-of-the-art face recognition methods on ten face recognition benchmarks which includes a new large-scale image database with trillions of pairs and a large-scale video dataset. We show that ArcFace consistently outperforms the state of the art and can be easily implemented with negligible computational overhead. To facilitate future research, the code has been made available.
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23 May 2022
TL;DR: The experimental results show that the attack can effectively overcome manual errors in makeup application, such as color and position-related errors, and the approaches used to train the models can influence physical attacks.
Abstract: Deep neural networks have developed rapidly and have achieved out-standing performance in several tasks, such as image classification and natural language processing. However, recent studies have indicated that both digital and physical adversarial examples can fool neural networks. Face-recognition systems are used in various applications that involve security threats from physical adversarial examples. Herein, we propose a physical adversarial attack with the use of full-face makeup. The presence of makeup on the human face is a reasonable possibility, which possibly increases the imperceptibility of attacks. In our attack framework, we combine the cycle-adversarial generative network (cycle-GAN) and a victimized classifier. The Cycle-GAN is used to generate adversarial makeup, and the architecture of the victimized classifier is VGG 16. Our experimental results show that our attack can effectively overcome manual errors in makeup application, such as color and position-related errors. We also demonstrate that the approaches used to train the models can influence physical attacks; the adversarial perturbations crafted from the pre-trained model are affected by the corresponding training data.
7 citations
30 Aug 2021
TL;DR: A system that integrates multiple ideas and techniques inspired by the convolutional block and feature aggregation methods, namely the model of Emphasized Channel Attention, Propagation, and Aggregation in Time Delay Neural Network and a hierarchical architecture for feature aggregation is developed.
Abstract: In this paper, we develop a system that integrates multiple ideas and techniques inspired by the convolutional block and feature aggregation methods. We begin with the stateof-the-art speaker-embedding model for speaker recognition, namely the model of Emphasized Channel Attention, Propagation, and Aggregation in Time Delay Neural Network, and then gradually experiment with the proposed network modules, including bottleneck residual blocks, attention mechanisms, and feature aggregation methods. In our final model, we replace the Res2Block with SC-Block and we use a hierarchical architecture for feature aggregation. We evaluate the performance of our model on the VoxCeleb1 test set and the 2020 VoxCeleb Speaker Recognition Challenge (VoxSRC20) validation set. The relative improvement of the proposed models over ECAPA-TDNN is 22.8% on VoxCeleb1 and 18.2% on VoxSRC20.
7 citations
Cites methods from "ArcFace: Additive Angular Margin Lo..."
...We use AAM-softmax loss [26] with a margin of 0....
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01 Nov 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparator network is proposed to cope with gender bias inherent in cosine distance between face identification features, and cascaded local expert networks extract the information most relevant for their corresponding kinship relation.
Abstract: Approaches for kinship verification often rely on cosine distances between face identification features. However, due to gender bias inherent in these features, it is hard to reliably predict whether two opposite-gender pairs are related. Instead of fine tuning the feature extractor network on kinship verification, we propose a comparator network to cope with this bias. After concatenating both features, cascaded local expert networks extract the information most relevant for their corresponding kinship relation. We demonstrate that our framework is robust against this gender bias and achieves comparable results on two tracks of the RFIW Challenge 2020. Moreover, we show how our framework can be further extended to handle partially known or unknown kinship relations.
7 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This paper investigates ReID in an unexplored single-camera-training (SCT) setting, where each person in the training set appears in only one camera, and proposes a novel loss function named multi- camera negative loss (MCNL), a metric learning loss motivated by probability suggesting that in a multi-camera system, one image is more likely to be closer to the most similar negative sample in other cameras than to themost similarnegative sample in the same camera.
Abstract: Person re-identification (ReID) aims at finding the same person in different cameras. Training such systems usually requires a large amount of cross-camera pedestrians to be annotated from surveillance videos, which is labor-consuming especially when the number of cameras is large. Differently, this paper investigates ReID in an unexplored single-camera-training (SCT) setting, where each person in the training set appears in only one camera. To the best of our knowledge, this setting was never studied before. SCT enjoys the advantage of low-cost data collection and annotation, and thus eases ReID systems to be trained in a brand new environment. However, it raises major challenges due to the lack of cross-camera person occurrences, which conventional approaches heavily rely on to extract discriminative features. The key to dealing with the challenges in the SCT setting lies in designing an effective mechanism to complement cross-camera annotation. We start with a regular deep network for feature extraction, upon which we propose a novel loss function named multi-camera negative loss (MCNL). This is a metric learning loss motivated by probability, suggesting that in a multi-camera system, one image is more likely to be closer to the most similar negative sample in other cameras than to the most similar negative sample in the same camera. In experiments, MCNL significantly boosts ReID accuracy in the SCT setting, which paves the way of fast deployment of ReID systems with good performance on new target scenes.
7 citations
Additional excerpts
...amatic accuracy drop. Methods Ref. Duke-SCT Market-SCT Rank-1 mAP Rank-1 mAP Center Loss (Wen et al. 2016) ECCV’16 38.7 23.2 40.3 18.5 A-Softmax (Liu et al. 2017) CVPR’17 34.8 22.9 41.9 23.2 ArcFace (Deng et al. 2019) CVPR’19 35.8 22.8 39.4 19.8 PCB (Sun et al. 2018) ECCV’18 32.7 22.2 43.5 23.5 Suh’s method (Suh et al. 2018) ECCV’18 38.5 25.4 48.0 27.3 MGN (Wang et al. 2018a) ACMMM’18 27.1 18.7 38.1 24.7 MCNL This...
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TL;DR: DP-FedEmb as discussed by the authors is a variant of federated learning algorithms with per-user sensitivity control and noise addition, to train from user-partitioned data centralized in the datacenter.
Abstract: Small on-device models have been successfully trained with user-level differential privacy (DP) for next word prediction and image classification tasks in the past. However, existing methods can fail when directly applied to learn embedding models using supervised training data with a large class space. To achieve user-level DP for large image-to-embedding feature extractors, we propose DP-FedEmb, a variant of federated learning algorithms with per-user sensitivity control and noise addition, to train from user-partitioned data centralized in the datacenter. DP-FedEmb combines virtual clients, partial aggregation, private local fine-tuning, and public pretraining to achieve strong privacy utility trade-offs. We apply DP-FedEmb to train image embedding models for faces, landmarks and natural species, and demonstrate its superior utility under same privacy budget on benchmark datasets DigiFace, EMNIST, GLD and iNaturalist. We further illustrate it is possible to achieve strong user-level DP guarantees of $\epsilon<4$ while controlling the utility drop within 5%, when millions of users can participate in training.
7 citations
References
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27 Jun 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are substantially deeper than those used previously, which won the 1st place on the ILSVRC 2015 classification task.
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TL;DR: It is shown that dropout improves the performance of neural networks on supervised learning tasks in vision, speech recognition, document classification and computational biology, obtaining state-of-the-art results on many benchmark data sets.
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30,843 citations
28 Oct 2017
TL;DR: An automatic differentiation module of PyTorch is described — a library designed to enable rapid research on machine learning models that focuses on differentiation of purely imperative programs, with a focus on extensibility and low overhead.
Abstract: In this article, we describe an automatic differentiation module of PyTorch — a library designed to enable rapid research on machine learning models. It builds upon a few projects, most notably Lua Torch, Chainer, and HIPS Autograd [4], and provides a high performance environment with easy access to automatic differentiation of models executed on different devices (CPU and GPU). To make prototyping easier, PyTorch does not follow the symbolic approach used in many other deep learning frameworks, but focuses on differentiation of purely imperative programs, with a focus on extensibility and low overhead. Note that this preprint is a draft of certain sections from an upcoming paper covering all PyTorch features.
13,268 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The TensorFlow interface and an implementation of that interface that is built at Google are described, which has been used for conducting research and for deploying machine learning systems into production across more than a dozen areas of computer science and other fields.
Abstract: TensorFlow is an interface for expressing machine learning algorithms, and an
implementation for executing such algorithms. A computation expressed using
TensorFlow can be executed with little or no change on a wide variety of
heterogeneous systems, ranging from mobile devices such as phones and tablets
up to large-scale distributed systems of hundreds of machines and thousands of
computational devices such as GPU cards. The system is flexible and can be used
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reference implementation were released as an open-source package under the
Apache 2.0 license in November, 2015 and are available at www.tensorflow.org.
10,447 citations