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Journal ArticleDOI

Are cities losing their vitality? Exploring human capital in Chinese cities

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed an alternative indicator, average human capital (HC), to investigate city vitality, which relaxes the traditional assumption that HC has a linear relation with schooling, and combine inputs with outputs of HC by considering the heterogeneity of returns to schooling of each city.
About: This article is published in Habitat International.The article was published on 2020-02-01. It has received 31 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Population & Vitality.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Jun Yang, Huisheng Yu, Tong Li, Ying Jin, Dongqi Sun 
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors explored the polycentric spatial development of megacities based on multi-source data, geographic information system spatial analysis, and network model methods, and found that morphological polycentric space can be defined as centralized dispersion, with the functional polycentric only comprised decentralised concentration.

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2020-Cities
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper employed a panel vector auto regression model to study the interactive relationships among these factors. And they found that human capital agglomeration has a positive long-term influence on housing prices and economic development, and has become a determinant of regional economic growth.

45 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors constructed an urban sustainability evaluation model covering six subsystems: economy, livelihood, risk, environment, pollution governance, and resource, and five future policy scenarios were designed under the framework of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways to simulate the variation of the urban sustainability index in each city by 2035.

39 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new approach is proposed to identify and measure urban functional polycentricity from a multiscale perspective and further applied to the case of Shanghai, China, showing that an obvious polycentric structure exists in Shanghai and is sensitive to scale effects.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2021-Cities
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a new approach to identify shrinking cities and measure urban shrinkage, using corrected-integrated DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS NL data.

32 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper showed that differences in physical capital and educational attainment can only partially explain the variation in output per worker, and that a large amount of variation in the level of the Solow residual across countries is driven by differences in institutions and government policies.
Abstract: Output per worker varies enormously across countries. Why? On an accounting basis, our analysis shows that differences in physical capital and educational attainment can only partially explain the variation in output per worker--we find a large amount of variation in the level of the Solow residual across countries. At a deeper level, we document that the differences in capital accumulation, productivity, and therefore output per worker are driven by differences in institutions and government policies, which we call social infrastructure. We treat social infrastructure as endogenous, determined historically by location and other factors captured in part by language.

7,208 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article showed that the differences in capital accumulation, productivity, and therefore output per worker are driven by differences in institutions and government policies, which are referred to as social infrastructure and called social infrastructure as endogenous, determined historically by location and other factors captured by language.
Abstract: Output per worker varies enormously across countries. Why? On an accounting basis our analysis shows that differences in physical capital and educational attainment can only partially explain the variation in output per worker—we find a large amount of variation in the level of the Solow residual across countries. At a deeper level, we document that the differences in capital accumulation, productivity, and therefore output per worker are driven by differences in institutions and government policies, which we call social infrastructure. We treat social infrastructure as endogenous, determined historically by location and other factors captured in part by language. In 1988 output per worker in the United States was more than 35 times higher than output per worker in Niger. In just over ten days the average worker in the United States produced as much as an average worker in Niger produced in an entire year. Explaining such vast differences in economic performance is one of the fundamental challenges of economics. Analysis based on an aggregate production function provides some insight into these differences, an approach taken by Mankiw, Romer, and Weil [1992] and Dougherty and Jorgenson [1996], among others. Differences among countries can be attributed to differences in human capital, physical capital, and productivity. Building on their analysis, our results suggest that differences in each element of the production function are important. In particular, however, our results emphasize the key role played by productivity. For example, consider the 35-fold difference in output per worker between the United States and Niger. Different capital intensities in the two countries contributed a factor of 1.5 to the income differences, while different levels of educational attainment contributed a factor of 3.1. The remaining difference—a factor of 7.7—remains as the productivity residual. * A previous version of this paper was circulated under the title ‘‘The Productivity of Nations.’’ This research was supported by the Center for Economic Policy Research at Stanford and by the National Science Foundation under grants SBR-9410039 (Hall) and SBR-9510916 (Jones) and is part of the National Bureau of Economic Research’s program on Economic Fluctuations and Growth. We thank Bobby Sinclair for excellent research assistance and colleagues too numerous to list for an outpouring of helpful commentary. Data used in the paper are available online from http://www.stanford.edu/,chadj.

6,454 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Theodore Schultz1

4,827 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
George Psacharopoulos1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss methodological issues surrounding those estimates and confirm that primary education continues to be the number one investment priority in developing countries, and also show that educating females is marginally more profitable than educating males, and that the academic secondary school curriculum is a better investment than the technical/vocational tract.

3,182 citations

Book
01 Jan 1971

2,738 citations