Are minimal, superficial or sham acupuncture procedures acceptable as inert placebo controls?
Citations
417 citations
398 citations
276 citations
259 citations
256 citations
Cites background from "Are minimal, superficial or sham ac..."
...Sham points can be used for comparison with the real points to detect possible similarities and/or differences, but they should not be considered to be inert control [Lund and Lundeberg, 2006]....
[...]
References
5,154 citations
928 citations
"Are minimal, superficial or sham ac..." refers background in this paper
...The activity set up by acupuncture is said to result in 1) the activation of descending pain-inhibiting pathways and 2) deactivation of limbic structures; these mechanisms are involved in the sensory and affective component of pain, respectively.(6;7)...
[...]
837 citations
831 citations
"Are minimal, superficial or sham ac..." refers background in this paper
...The control procedures most commonly used include minimal or superficial acupuncture (needling of the skin), or sham acupuncture (needling of non-acupuncture points), or ‘placebo’acupuncture needles (a blunt tip of a needle touches the skin without penetrating it).(1;2) Acupuncture has been reported to affect the different components of perceived pain, ie to alleviate the sensory discriminative aspect (intensity) as well as to lessen the affective component (unpleasantness) of pain....
[...]
683 citations
"Are minimal, superficial or sham ac..." refers background in this paper
...Physiologically, the afferent stimulation of the acupuncture needling has been attributed to the activation of ergo-receptors,(4) conveying their information in A-delta or type II or III afferents into the spinal cord, and then to the sensory cortex, resulting in the perceived sensation of de qi.(5) The activity set up by acupuncture is said to result in 1) the activation of descending pain-inhibiting pathways and 2) deactivation of limbic structures; these mechanisms are involved in the sensory and affective component of pain, respectively....
[...]