Are sex hormones promising candidates to explain sex disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic?
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TLDR
Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper discussed the possibility that potential sex-specific mechanisms modulating the course of the disease include both the androgen- and the estrogen-response cascade.Abstract:
Emerging evidence suggests that the novel Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is deadlier for men than women both in China and in Europe. Male sex is a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. The meccanisms underlying the reduced morbidity and lethality in women are currently unclear, even though hypotheses have been posed (Brandi and Giustina in Trends Endocrinol Metab. 31:918-27, 2020). This article aims to describe the role of sex hormones in sex- and gender-related fatality of COVID-19. We discuss the possibility that potential sex-specific mechanisms modulating the course of the disease include both the androgen- and the estrogen-response cascade. Sex hormones regulate the respiratory function, the innate and adaptive immune responses, the immunoaging, the cardiovascular system, and the entrance of the virus in the cells. Recommendations for the future government policies and for the management of COVID-19 patients should include a dimorphic approach for males and females. As the estrogen receptor signaling appears critical for protection in women, more studies are needed to translate the basic knowledge into clinical actions. Understanding the etiological bases of sexual dimorphism in COVID-19 could help develop more effective strategies in individual patients in both sexes, including designing a good vaccine.read more
Citations
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CCR2 and DPP9 expression in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients: Influences of the disease severity and gender
Mohsen Sharif-Zak,Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi,Gholamreza Asadikaram,Zohreh-al-sadat Ghoreshi,Mitra Rezazadeh-Jabalbarzi,Alireza afsharipur,Hamidreza Rashidinejad,Fardin Khajepour,Abdollah Jafarzadeh,Nasir Arefinia,Aliasghar Kheyrkhah,Moslem Abolhassani +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated the gene expression of two fundamental molecules contributing to the induction of inflammatory like CCR2 and DPP9 in cells from peripheral blood samples from patients with various patterns of COVID-19.
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Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors
Levente Zsichla,Viktor Müller +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide an overview of host, viral and environmental factors that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized to be associated with severe clinical outcomes and discuss the complex interactions between the various risk factors.
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Sex and gender differences in community-acquired pneumonia
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide an extensive outlook of the role of sex and gender in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcomes of patients with CAP, and also a specific focus on COVID-19 patients.
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Angiographic and clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty: A collaborative, individual patient data meta-analysis of six registry-based studies
Giuseppe De Luca,Angelo Silverio,Monica Verdoia,Zbigniew Siudak,Tomasz Tokarek,Thomas A. Kite,Anthony H. Gershlick,Oriol Rodríguez-Leor,Belén Cid-Álvarez,Dan Jones,Krishnaraj S. Rathod,José M. Montero-Cabezas,Alfonso Jurado-Román,Matteo Nardin,Gennaro Galasso +14 more
TL;DR: The PANDEMIC study as mentioned in this paper was an investigator-initiated, collaborative, individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of registry-based studies, identifying the characteristics and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) are still poorly known.
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Relationship Between Platelet Count and In-hospital Mortality in Adult Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
TL;DR: A U-shaped association between platelet count and in-hospital mortality was found in the patients with COVID-19, and the optimal of platelets associated with the lowest risk of in- hospital mortality was around 370 × 109/L.
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