Arecoline cannot alter testicular dysfunction and pineal activation caused by noise in wistar rat.
01 Jan 2018-Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry (Arch Physiol Biochem)-Vol. 124, Iss: 1, pp 18-26
TL;DR: It is concluded that noise causes testicular dysfunction probably by gonadotropin suppression induced by pineal melatonin in noise, and arecoline cannot prevent it in noise in rats.
Abstract: Millions of people consume betel nut for increased capacity to work and for stress reduction. The nut contains arecoline, which has multiple side effects on endocrine functions. Objective of the work is to investigate pineal-testicular responses to noise and after arecoline treatment in noise in rats. Noise exposure (100 dB, 6 h daily, 10 days) caused pineal stimulation ultrastructurally and at indoleamines level. Leydig cell dysfunction with fall of testosterone level and suppression of sex accessories were noticed. In contrast, pineal activity was inhibited and reproductive functions were stimulated after arecoline administration, confirmed from reversed changes to those of noise. Arecoline treatment in noise exposure showed same results as in noise both in pineal and in reproductive functions. It is concluded that noise causes testicular dysfunction probably by gonadotropin suppression induced by pineal melatonin in noise. Furthermore, arecoline cannot prevent it in noise in rats.
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TL;DR: Arecoline in thermal stress plays a dual role on adrenal function and glucose-glycogen homeostasis in mice by ultrastructural and hormonal parameters.
Abstract: Arecoline has biomedical importance, but it has untoward side effects on endocrine functions. The aim is to investigate its role on adrenal activity under thermal stress by ultrastructural and horm...
4 citations
Cites background from "Arecoline cannot alter testicular d..."
...Recently Saha et al. (2017) have reported that, arecoline cannot exert its action on pineal-testicular function in noise in rats....
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TL;DR: It confirms that Fr-II synergizes with TMZ to significantly intensify its anti-proliferative properties, thereby emerging as an effective element for combinatorial treatment of glioblastoma.
Abstract: Objective: This study was designed to analyze the combinatorial chemotherapeutic effect of temozolomide (TMZ), the most common drug in glioblastoma treatment and a purified carbohydrate (Fr-II) from the edible mushroom Pleurotus florida , on human glioblastoma cell lines Methods: Fr-II was purified by size-exclusion chromatography and characterised by different mass spectroscopy analysis Human glioblastoma cells were treated with TMZ, Fr-II, and combination of TMZ and Fr-II Cell cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay, cell cycle phase distribution was determined by cell cycle analysis and followed by the relative p53 protein expression was analyzed by western blot analysis Results: Chemical analysis of Fr-II confirmed the glycosidically linked two units of glucose with terminally attached mannitol with mass of 506 Da Fr-II treatment exhibited cytotoxicity in both the cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with most effective dose at 200µg/ml When Fr-II (200µg/ml) was combined with a dose range of TMZ it showed a more cellular cytotoxicity compared to the cytotoxicity of TMZ alone with most oppressive combinatorial dose at 400µM (TMZ)+200µg/ml (Fr-II) In compliance, with the above results, both cell lines showed a 10% increase in no of cells (p<005) in G 2 /M phase indicating an arrest of cell cycle and increased p53 protein expression (p<005) at the combinatorial dose than TMZ alone at 400µM, but Fr-II alone didn’t show any cell cycle arrest nor did it show increased p53 expression Conclusion: Therefore it confirms that Fr-II synergizes with TMZ to significantly intensify its anti-proliferative properties, thereby emerging as an effective element for combinatorial treatment of glioblastoma
3 citations
17 Dec 2018
TL;DR: The findings revealed that hADSCs could transfer into the brain and improve memory and neuronal damage in the AD rat model, and was confirmed by behavioral and histological analysis.
Abstract: BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive cognitive disorder that is generally age-related. Although there has been great research focusing on this disease, there is still a lack of reliable therapeutic methods. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide has a critical function in neuropathology of AD. Stem cell therapy provides treatment by improving the neuronal system in neurodegenerative disorders. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are the most appropriate sources of stem cells due to their safety, high proliferative potential, and easy isolation.ObjectivesThe present study was designed to evaluate the histological and behavioral alterations after intravenous administration of hADSCs in the AD rat model.MethodsIn this study, 32 male rats were used in four groups, as follows: control, sham, AD rat model, and hADSCs-treated group. We used Morris Water Maze (MWM) for evaluating behavioral changes and Nissl staining for determining the histological studies.ResultsIn this study, the AD model was confirmed by behavioral and histological analysis. Behavioral results showed that the spatial memory improved after hADSCs injection in the AD rat model while the time spent in the target quadrant was significantly higher in the hADSCs-treated group than in the AD rat model group. On the other hand, the number of dead cells significantly decreased in the hADSCs-treated group as analyzed by Nissl staining.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that hADSCs could transfer into the brain and improve memory and neuronal damage in the AD rat model.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: The pineal gland can be rapidly removed from rodents with minimal damage to adjacent neural structures using a specially designed trephine, and since the mid 1960s, research on the gland has become a very active area of investigation.
Abstract: I Introduction UNTIL 35 yr ago, most scientists did not take research on the pineal gland seriously The decade beginning in 1956, however, provided several discoveries that laid the foundation for what has become a very active area of investigation These important early observations included the findings that, 1), the physiological activity of the pineal is influenced by the photoperiodic environment (1–5); 2), the gland contains a substance, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine or melatonin, which has obvious endocrine capabilities (6, 7); 3), the function of the reproductive system in photoperiodically dependent rodents is inextricably linked to the physiology of the pineal gland (5, 8, 9); 4), the sympathetic innervation to the pineal is required for the gland to maintain its biosynthetic and endocrine activities (10, 11); and 5), the pineal gland can be rapidly removed from rodents with minimal damage to adjacent neural structures using a specially designed trephine (12) Since the mid 1960s, research on t
2,134 citations
"Arecoline cannot alter testicular d..." refers background in this paper
...Pineal is active universally in scotophase compared with the photophase known in most of the animals studied (Reiter 1991), because melatonin level is highest (11=2 higher) in the scotophase than the photophase, without showing much difference in the levels of other indoleamines, (serotonin and N-acetyl serotonin) between these two phases of the photoperiodic cycle in male wistar rats (Saha et al....
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...Pineal is active universally in scotophase compared with the photophase known in most of the animals studied (Reiter 1991), because melatonin level is highest (11=2 higher) in the scotophase than the photophase, without showing much difference in the levels of other indoleamines, (serotonin and…...
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TL;DR: It is reported that alpha2A-AR stimulation strengthens WM through inhibition of cAMP, closing Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and strengthening the functional connectivity of PFC networks.
613 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Noise stress hypothesis chronic stress hormone dysregulations as well as increases of established endogenous risk factors of ischaemic heart diseases have been observed under long-term environmental noise exposure and an increased risk of myocardial infarction is to be expected.
Abstract: Traffic noise is the most important source of environmental annoyance. According to the Environmental Expert Council of Germany, severe annoyance persistent over prolonged periods of time is to be regarded as causing distress. Previously, extraaural noise effects were mostly assessed using a paradigm in which the sound level played the major role. On the basis of this paradigm the relatively low sound level of environmental noise was not considered to be a potential danger to health. In contrast to this numerous empirical results have shown long-term noise-induced health risks. Therefore a radical change of attitude - a change of paradigm - is necessary. For an immediate triggering of protective reactions (fight/flight or defeat reactions) the information conveyed by noise is very often more relevant than the sound level. It was shown recently that the first and fastest signal detection is mediated by a subcortical area - the amygdala. For this reason even during sleep the noise from aeroplanes or heavy goods vehicles may be categorised as danger signals and induce the release of stress hormones. In accordance with the noise stress hypothesis chronic stress hormone dysregulations as well as increases of established endogenous risk factors of ischaemic heart diseases have been observed under long-term environmental noise exposure. Therefore, an increased risk of myocardial infarction is to be expected. The results of individual studies on this subject in most cases do not reach statistical significance. However, according to the Environmental Expert Council, these studies show a consistent trend towards an increased cardiovascular risk if the daytime immission level exceeds 65 dB(A). Most of the previous studies on the extraaural effects of occupational noise have been invalidated by exposure misclassifications. In future studies on health effects of noise a correct exposure assessment is one of the most important preconditions.
436 citations
"Arecoline cannot alter testicular d..." refers background in this paper
...Noise stress aggravates bronchitis in children (Ising and Kruppa 2004), generates ROS, leading to an increase in lipid peroxidase and CONTACT B. R. Maiti drbrm123@hotmail.com 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group SOD, but decreases vitamin C and D (Manikandan et al. 2005)....
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...Noise stress aggravates bronchitis in children (Ising and Kruppa 2004),...
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TL;DR: Nitrosated derivatives of arecal alkaloids, proven carcinogens inducing tumours throughout the upper gut and foregut derivatives in animals, are also associated with increased tumour risks in man.
Abstract: Betel nut (Areca catechu) is chewed regularly by at least 10% of the world population, imported by immigrant users wherever they settle, and is the fourth most widely used addictive substance. It is thought, by users, to soothe the digestion and to be a stimulant and its use has a major role in social situations. Specific arecal alkaloids act as competitive inhibitors of GABA receptors and have widespread effects in the body, including actions on the brain, cardiovascular system, lungs, gut and pancreas. Nitrosated derivatives of arecal alkaloids, proven carcinogens inducing tumours throughout the upper gut and foregut derivatives in animals, are also associated with increased tumour risks in man. These nitrosated compounds are also diabetogenic in CD1 mice, producing a type 2 diabetes with obesity. Increased central obesity is found in association with betel usage in man as well as increases in circulating markers of inflammatory and cardiovascular damage. The effects of chronic betel usage in man are at least as diverse as those of smoking and the habit increases the risks of ill health.
242 citations
"Arecoline cannot alter testicular d..." refers background in this paper
...It has multiple effects on general physiology and metabolism, such as heightened alertness, hyperthermia, intoxication, pulse rate and several other physiological functions (Boucher and Maunan 2002)....
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...Betel nut/ arecoline has multiple untoward effects in rats, mice and humans; it increases risk of type-2 diabetes with obesity (Boucher and Maunan 2002), causes oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (Wang et al. 2007), oral and throat cancer if consumed six betel nuts a day for long (Sullivan et al.…...
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