Book•
ART AND ILLUSION: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation
01 Jan 1988-
TL;DR: A list of illustrators can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss the limits of likeness and the riddle of style in art, as well as the analysis of vision in art and the experiment of caricature.
Abstract: List of Illustrations ix Preface to the 2000 Edition xxv Preface xxxvii Preface to the Second Edition xli Introduction: Psychology and the Riddle of Style 3 PART ONE: The Limits of Likeness Chapter 1. From Light into Paint 33 Chapter 2. Truth and the Stereotype 63 PART TWO: Function and Form Chapter 3. Pygmalion's Power 93 Chapter 4. Reflections on the Greek Revolution 116 Chapter 5. Formula and Experience 146 PART THREE: The Beholder's Share Chapter 6. The Image in the Clouds 181 Chapter 7. Conditions of Illusion 203 Chapter 8. Ambiguities of the Third Dimension 242 PART FOUR: Invention and Discovery Chapter 9. The Analysis of Vision in Art 291 Chapter 10. The Experiment of Caricature 330 Chapter 11. From Representation to Expression 359 Retrospect 393 Notes 399 Index 443
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01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The Methodology of the Oppressed as mentioned in this paper is an alternative mode of criticism opening new perspectives on a theoretical, literary, aesthetic, social movement, or psychic expression in the U.S. Third World Feminism.
Abstract: In a work with far-reaching implications, Chela Sandoval does no less than revise the genealogy of theory over the past thirty years, inserting what she terms "U.S. Third World feminism" into the narrative in a way that thoroughly alters our perspective on contemporary culture and subjectivity.What Sandoval has identified is a language, a rhetoric of resistance to postmodern cultural conditions. U.S liberation movements of the post-World War II era generated specific modes of oppositional consciousness. Out of these emerged a new activity of consciousness and language Sandoval calls the "methodology of the oppressed". This methodology -- born of the strains of the cultural and identity struggles that currently mark global exchange -- holds out the possibility of a new historical moment, a new citizen-subject, and a new form of alliance consciousness and politics. Utilizing semiotics and U.S. Third World feminist criticism, Sandoval demonstrates how this methodology mobilizes love as a category of critical analysis. Rendering this approach in all its specifics, Methodology of the Oppressed gives rise to an alternative mode of criticism opening new perspectives on a theoretical, literary, aesthetic, social movement, or psychic expression.
1,266 citations
TL;DR: The role of design in mediating between innovations and established institutional fields as entrepren... as mentioned in this paper considers design as the emergent arrangement of concrete details that embodies a new idea.
Abstract: This paper considers the role of design, as the emergent arrangement of concrete details that embodies a new idea, in mediating between innovations and established institutional fields as entrepren...
1,184 citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that current conceptualizations of advertising images are incommensurate with what ads are really like, and that many images currently dismissed as affect-laden or information devoid are, in fact, complex figurative arguments.
Abstract: In this article, past consumer research dealing with advertising images is analyzed and critiqued for its underlying assumption: that pictures are reflections of reality. The case against this assumption is presented, and an alternative view, in which visuals are a convention-based symbolic system, is formulated. In this alternative view, pictures must be cognitively processed, rather than absorbed peripherally or automatically. The author argues that current conceptualizations of advertising images are incommensurate with what ads are really like, and that many images currently dismissed as affect laden or information devoid are, in fact, complex figurative arguments. A new theoretical framework for the study of images is advanced in which advertising images are a sophisticated form of visual rhetoric. The process of consumer response implied by the new framework differs radically from past concepts in many ways, but also suggests new ways to approach questions currently open in the literature on the nature and processing of imagery. A pluralistic program for studying advertising pictures as persuasion is outlined.
752 citations
TL;DR: Text interpretations, two experiments, and a set of reader-response interviews examine the impact of stylistic elements in advertising that form visual rhetorical figures parallel to those found in language.
Abstract: Text interpretations, two experiments, and a set of reader-response interviews examine the impact of stylistic elements in advertising that form visual rhetorical figures parallel to those found in language The visual figures examined here— rhyme, antithesis, metaphor, and pun—produced more elaboration and led to a more favorable attitude toward the ad, without being any more difficult to comprehend Interviews confirmed that several of the meanings generated by informants corresponded to those produced by an a priori text-interpretive analysis of the ads However, all of these effects diminished or disappeared for the visual tropes (metaphor and pun) in the case of individuals who lacked the cultural competency required to adequately appreciate the contemporary American ads on which the studies are based Results are discussed in terms of the power of rhetorical theory and cultural competency theory (Scott 1994a) for illuminating the role played by visual elements in advertising Overall, the project demonstrates the advantages of investigating visual persuasion via an integration of multiple research traditions
589 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a controlled experiment was conducted using a questionnaire, interviews, and eye-tracking methodology to gain insight into how Internet users perceive human images as one element of website design.
Abstract: Effective visual design of e-commerce websites enhances website aesthetics and emotional appeal for the user. To gain insight into how Internet users perceive human images as one element of website design, a controlled experiment was conducted using a questionnaire, interviews, and eye-tracking methodology. Three conditions of human images were created including human images with facial features, human images without facial features, and a control condition with no human images. It was expected that human images with facial features would induce a user to perceive the website as more appealing, having warmth or social presence, and as more trustworthy. In turn, higher levels of image appeal and perceived social presence were predicted to result in trust. All expected relationships in the model were supported except no direct relationship was found between the human image conditions and trust. Additional analyses revealed subtle differences in the perception of human images across cultures (Canada, Germany, and Japan). While the general impact of human images seems universal across country groups, based on interview data four concepts emerged--aesthetics, symbolism, affective property, and functional property--with participants from each culture focusing on different concepts as applied to website design. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
544 citations
Cites background from "ART AND ILLUSION: A Study in the Ps..."
...Some researchers suggest that natural visual processes are learned, and based on crosscultural studies the drawings we make influence the way in which we view or interpret visuals (Gombrich 1960)....
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...These artefacts can impart subtle meaning in different cultures, perhaps related to how visual processes are learned (Gombrich 1960), although further investigations would need to determine exactly how this occurs....
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