ASCORBATE AND GLUTATHIONE: Keeping Active Oxygen Under Control
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...Ascorbic acid Chl, Cyt, Mit, Per, Apo H2O2, O2 [3, 8 ] Glutathione Chl, Cyt, Mit, Per, Apo H2O2 [3,8] -Tocopherol Membranes ROOH, O2...
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...Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and glutathione, which are found at high concentrations in chloroplasts and other cellular compartments (5–20 mM ascorbic acid and 1–5 mM glutathione) are crucial for plant defense against oxidative stress [ 8 ]....
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...This ratio is maintained by glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) using NADPH as reducing power (Fig. 1) [3, 8 ]....
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...Ascorbic acid Chl, Cyt, Mit, Per, Apo H2O2, O2 [3,8] Glutathione Chl, Cyt, Mit, Per, Apo H2O2 [3, 8 ] -Tocopherol Membranes ROOH, O2...
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Cites background from "ASCORBATE AND GLUTATHIONE: Keeping ..."
...Among these functions a role in prevention of oxygen radical production or in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be paramount (12, 185, 187)....
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...Further support comes from the study of transgenic models, which have been generated to study antioxidant defenses (5, 47, 187, 191, 244)....
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4,012 citations
Cites background from "ASCORBATE AND GLUTATHIONE: Keeping ..."
...(APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) [21]....
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...It provides membrane protection by directly reacting with O2 •−, H2O2 and regenerating α-tocopherol from tocopheroxyl radical and preserves the activities of the enzymes that contain prosthetic transition metal ions [21]....
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...0 and is decomposed to tartarate and oxalate [21]....
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...Scavenging or detoxification of excess ROS is achieved by an efficient antioxidative system comprising of the nonenzymic as well as enzymic antioxidants [21]....
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...The enzymatic components of the antioxidative defense system comprise of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), enzymes of ascorbateglutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) [21]....
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References
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