ASHRAE handbook and product directory /published by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc
01 Jan 1977-
About: The article was published on 1977-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1458 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: ASHRAE 90.1.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the properties of seawater is presented in terms of regression equations as functions of temperature and salinity, and the available correlations for each property are summarized with their range of validity and accuracy.
Abstract: Correlations and data for the thermophysical properties of seawater are reviewed. Properties examined include density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure, boiling point elevation, latent heat of vaporization, specifi c enthalpy, specific entropy and osmotic coefficient. These properties include those needed for design of thermal and membrane desalination processes. Results are presented in terms of regression equations as functions of temperature and salinity. The available correlations for each property are summarized with their range of validity and accuracy. Best-fi tted new correlations are obtained from available data for density, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, boiling point elevation, specifi c enthalpy, specific entropy and osmotic coefficient after appropriate conversion of temperature and salinity scales to the most recent standards. In addition, a model for latent heat of vaporization is suggested. Comparisons are carried out amo...
1,008 citations
01 Apr 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the properties of seawater is presented in terms of regression equations as functions of temperature and salinity, and the available correlations for each property are summarized with their range of validity and accuracy.
Abstract: Correlations and data for the thermophysical properties of seawater are reviewed. Properties examined include density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure, boiling point elevation, latent heat of vaporization, specifi c enthalpy, specific entropy and osmotic coefficient. These properties include those needed for design of thermal and membrane desalination processes. Results are presented in terms of regression equations as functions of temperature and salinity. The available correlations for each property are summarized with their range of validity and accuracy. Best-fi tted new correlations are obtained from available data for density, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, boiling point elevation, specifi c enthalpy, specific entropy and osmotic coefficient after appropriate conversion of temperature and salinity scales to the most recent standards. In addition, a model for latent heat of vaporization is suggested. Comparisons are carried out amo...
859 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that nanoporous polyethylene (nanoPE) is transparent to mid-infrared human body radiation but opaque to visible light because of the pore size distribution, and processed the material to develop a textile that promotes effective radiative cooling while still having sufficient air permeability, water-wicking rate, and mechanical strength for wearability.
Abstract: Thermal management through personal heating and cooling is a strategy by which to expand indoor temperature setpoint range for large energy saving. We show that nanoporous polyethylene (nanoPE) is transparent to mid-infrared human body radiation but opaque to visible light because of the pore size distribution (50 to 1000 nanometers). We processed the material to develop a textile that promotes effective radiative cooling while still having sufficient air permeability, water-wicking rate, and mechanical strength for wearability. We developed a device to simulate skin temperature that shows temperatures 2.7° and 2.0°C lower when covered with nanoPE cloth and with processed nanoPE cloth, respectively, than when covered with cotton. Our processed nanoPE is an effective and scalable textile for personal thermal management.
641 citations
TL;DR: A comparative analysis of the newly developed Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and some of the more prevalent thermal indices is presented, finding the present indices to express bioclimatic conditions reasonably only under specific meteorological situations, while the UTCI represents specific climates, weather, and locations much better.
Abstract: Over the past century more than 100 indices have been developed and used to assess bioclimatic conditions for human beings. The majority of these indices are used sporadically or for specific purposes. Some are based on generalized results of measurements (wind chill, cooling power, wet bulb temperature) and some on the empirically observed reactions of the human body to thermal stress (physiological strain, effective temperature). Those indices that are based on human heat balance considerations are referred to as "rational indices". Several simple human heat balance models are known and are used in research and practice. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the newly developed Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), and some of the more prevalent thermal indices. The analysis is based on three groups of data: global data-set, synoptic datasets from Europe, and local scale data from special measurement campaigns of COST Action 730. We found the present indices to express bioclimatic conditions reasonably only under specific meteorological situations, while the UTCI represents specific climates, weather, and locations much better. Furthermore, similar to the human body, the UTCI is very sensitive to changes in ambient stimuli: temperature, solar radiation, wind and humidity. UTCI depicts temporal variability of thermal conditions better than other indices. The UTCI scale is able to express even slight differences in the intensity of meteorological stimuli.
601 citations
TL;DR: A detailed literature review of the research and developments of the vertical-borehole ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) technology for applications in air-conditioning is given in this paper.
568 citations