Journal ArticleDOI
ASSESSING "NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS": Social Processes and New Directions in Research
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In this article, the cumulative results of a new "neighborhood-effects" literature that examines social processes related to problem behaviors and health-related outcomes are assessed and synthesized.Abstract:
▪ Abstract This paper assesses and synthesizes the cumulative results of a new “neighborhood-effects” literature that examines social processes related to problem behaviors and health-related outcomes. Our review identified over 40 relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from the mid-1990s to 2001, the take-off point for an increasing level of interest in neighborhood effects. Moving beyond traditional characteristics such as concentrated poverty, we evaluate the salience of social-interactional and institutional mechanisms hypothesized to account for neighborhood-level variations in a variety of phenomena (e.g., delinquency, violence, depression, high-risk behavior), especially among adolescents. We highlight neighborhood ties, social control, mutual trust, institutional resources, disorder, and routine activity patterns. We also discuss a set of thorny methodological problems that plague the study of neighborhood effects, with special attention to selection bias. We conclude with promising ...read more
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Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Objectives and Design
Diane E. Bild,David A. Bluemke,Gregory L. Burke,Robert Detrano,Ana V. Diez Roux,Aaron R. Folsom,Philip Greenland,David R. JacobsJr.,Richard A. Kronmal,Kiang Liu,Jennifer C. Nelson,Daniel H. O'Leary,Mohammed F. Saad,Steven Shea,Moyses Szklo,Russell P. Tracy +15 more
TL;DR: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis was initiated in July 2000 to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and progression of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a population-based sample of 6,500 men and women aged 45-84 years for identification and characterization of CVD events.
Journal ArticleDOI
Socioeconomic status in health research: one size does not fit all.
Paula Braveman,Catherine Cubbin,Susan Egerter,Sekai Chideya,Kristen S. Marchi,Marilyn Metzler,Samuel F. Posner +6 more
TL;DR: Evidence shows that conclusions about nonsocioeconomic causes of racial/ethnic differences in health may depend on the measure-eg, income, wealth, education, occupation, neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics, or past socioeconomic experiences used to "control for SES," suggesting that findings from studies that have measured limited aspects of SES should be reassessed.
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Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States*
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of intergenerational mobility in the United States: the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level, the conditional expectation of child income given parent income, and the factors correlated with upward mobility.
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The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment
TL;DR: It is found that moving to a lower-poverty neighborhood when young (before age 13) increases college attendance and earnings and reduces single parenthood rates, and moving as an adolescent has slightly negative impacts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cumulative Advantage as a Mechanism for Inequality: A Review of Theoretical and Empirical Developments
TL;DR: Cumulative advantage is a general mechanism for inequality across any temporal process (e.g., life course, family generations) in which a favorable relative position becomes a resource that produces further relative gains as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy
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Identification of Endogenous Social Effects: The Reflection Problem
TL;DR: The authors examined the reflection problem that arises when a researcher observing the distribution of behaviour in a population tries to infer whether the average behaviour in some group influences the behaviour of the individuals that comprise the group.