Assessment of biotic response to heavy metal contamination in Avicennia marina mangrove ecosystems in Sydney Estuary, Australia.
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...All of the three species evaluated showed a low iron bioconcentration factor in leaf tissue, as have been reported for mangrove species (Sarangi et al., 2002; Bernini et al., 2006; Nath et al., 2014; Souza et al., 2014a,b)....
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...Chromium, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn values are elevated in these sediments with mean concentrations 431 mg/g and concentrations of the remaining elements (As, Cd, Co and Ni) are low with mean values o9....
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...All nonessential elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr and Pb) and Ni are present at low levels with a mean concentration o0....
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...The very high degree of metal contamination (i.e., Cd, Häkanson, 1980) in these sediments (Cd432; cf., Chaudhuri et al., 2014) indicate severe anthropogenic modifications mostly due to contemporary stormwater loadings and urbanization (Birch et al., 2013)....
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...Translocation factors of essential elements (i.e., common plant micro-nutrients, Cu, Ni, Mn and Zn) were greater than non-essential elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr and Pb), suggesting that A. marina mangroves of this estuary selectively excluded non-essential elements, while regulating essential elements and limiting toxicity to plants....
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...Likewise, Fe and the non-essential elements, such as As, Cd, Co, Cr and Pb, have a mean TF o0....
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...The accumulation and/or fixation of heavy metals in the A. marina rhizosphere may prevent release of metals to the water column and limit entry of these contaminants to the food chain (Erakhrumen, 2007; Ali et al., 2013)....
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...marina rhizosphere may prevent release of metals to the water column and limit entry of these contaminants to the food chain (Erakhrumen, 2007; Ali et al., 2013)....
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2,140 citations
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...The positive functions of mangroves in ecosystem maintenance and protection are mainly due to their ability to accumulate organic-rich muddy sediments and associated toxic pollutants and nutrients and reduce contaminant dispersion in coastal areas (Förstner and Wittmann, 1979; Adriano, 1986; Harbison, 1986; Lacerda et al., 1991; Peters et al., 1997; Qiu et al., 2011)....
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...…are mainly due to their ability to accumulate organic-rich muddy sediments and associated toxic pollutants and nutrients and reduce contaminant dispersion in coastal areas (Förstner and Wittmann, 1979; Adriano, 1986; Harbison, 1986; Lacerda et al., 1991; Peters et al., 1997; Qiu et al., 2011)....
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...Low Fe BCFs may be due to a high natural abundance and/or formation of Fe plaques around root surfaces that may have hindered its translocations to aerial tissues (Baker, 1981; Taylor, 1987)....
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...…of trace elements in their aerial tissues due to some metals being required Note: All the concentrations are in mg/g (dry weight); BCF¼bio-concentration factor; TF¼translocation factor and bdl¼below detection limit. as nutrients for growth and survival (Baker, 1981; MacFarlane and Burchett, 1999)....
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...This suggests that mangrove plants are accumulating these elements with increasing sediment or root concentrations and thus behave as an indicator species for these elements (Baker, 1981)....
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...The uptake of metals is primarily influenced by plant metabolic requirements, e.g., Cu and Zn, which are essential micro-nutrients, are more mobile than non-essential elements, such as Pb, resulting in variable metal accumulation in plant tissue (Baker, 1981; MacFarlane et al., 2003, 2007)....
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...However, these plants have a strong ability to survive under harsh environmental conditions by regulating metal uptake and preventing toxicity (Baker, 1981)....
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