Assessment of competitiveness of regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan
30 Mar 2020-Vol. 2, Iss: 1, pp 469-479
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a methodology for ranking the regions of Kazakhstan based on an assessment of the development of their human resources that affect the competitiveness of the region, which includes an analysis of demographic, labor and social and economic indicators reflecting the state of human resources.
Abstract: In modern science, there are a large number of techniques focused on the assessment of competitiveness through the analysis of certain resources in the region. However, accounting of human resources in such assessments is not used as a prior factor in identifying regional competitive advantages. Competitive advantages affect not only the efficiency of individual sectors of the economy but also the overall social and economic development of the country. Assessment of the competitiveness of the region should include one of the main parameters of the human resource development level. Therefore, the forecast for the competitiveness of the region should take into account the pace of human resources development. The methods used in Kazakhstan for assessing the competitiveness of a region considers only the assessment of human resources in its structure but do not take into account the level of their development over time, as well as the multi-factorial nature of their components.The work explains and analyzes rating model for assessing of the competitiveness of the regions of Kazakhstan (the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs of the Republic of Kazakhstan). The authors proposed a methodology for ranking the regions of Kazakhstan based on an assessment of the development of their human resources that affect the competitiveness of the region. It includes an analysis of demographic, labor and social and economic indicators reflecting the state of human resources.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors study the influence of incentive mechanisms on entity activities and their "inquiry" on the public policy content, and come to the conclusion that most of the tools to stimulate innovation entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan are currently aimed at successful market players, creating conditions for technological modernization of existing industries, and at improving the level of entrepreneurs' business and technological competencies.
Abstract: In recent years, Kazakhstan’s innovation policy has enjoyed a noticeable rally: ways to support innovation are being actively discussed, a suitable “toolbox” is developing, the susceptibility of decision-makers to the mechanisms for encouraging innovation is increasing. Nevertheless, effective levers of influence on business, in which innovation activity could manifest locally, have not been found yet. Although this does not change the overall economic situation. Following on from the results of a survey of various level business managers and factor analysis performed prior, the authors study the influence of incentive mechanisms on entity activities and their “inquiry” on the public policy content. The authors come to the conclusion that most of the tools to stimulate innovation entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan are currently aimed at successful market players, creating conditions for technological modernization of existing industries, and at improving the level of entrepreneurs’ business and technological competencies. According to a study conducted in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to increase the participation of universities, research institutes, local executive and legislative authorities in the development of management mechanisms and the promotion of innovation entrepreneurship.
15 citations
Additional excerpts
...In this context, notable publications such as (Onyusheva, 2017), (Smirnova, 2016), (Tumalavičius et al., 2017), (Ivanov et al., 2012), (Caurkubule et al., 2020), (Chehabeddine, Tvaronavičienė, 2020), (Vigliarolo, 2020) are to be singled out....
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..., 2012), (Caurkubule et al., 2020), (Chehabeddine, Tvaronavičienė, 2020), (Vigliarolo, 2020) are to be singled out....
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TL;DR: It is proposed to research health tourism as a territorial tourist complex, which includes not only specialized infrastructure but also territories adjacent to resorts, and noted that low-mountain areas have the most suitable spaces for tourism development.
Abstract: Health tourism is a specific type of tourism with great prospects. Most people do not have time for long trips, but there is a great need for a change of scenery and restoration of strength. There are many examples when in the regions in order to improve health and relaxation, nearby areas are being developed. It is most promising to create programs for such tourism near existing resorts that have the necessary infrastructure and medical facilities, while individual client requests must be taken into account. It is proposed to research health tourism as a territorial tourist complex, which includes not only specialized infrastructure but also territories adjacent to resorts. It is noted that low-mountain areas have the most suitable spaces for tourism development. By the example of the Belokurikha resort, the goals of visiting and tourist satisfaction are identified, as well as the possibilities of developing health tourism. A model for designing individual programs for health tourism is proposed.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the variability of a data group formed from indicators of innovative development of the economy of Kazakhstan, using one of the methods of reducing dimension as a correlation analysis.
Abstract: Kazakhstan has all the prerequisites for the formation of innovative potential. However, to ensure the innovative economic development of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to create favorable conditions that promote the commercialization of innovations. Otherwise, all expenditures that are currently primarily of a state nature will not have the required economic indicators. The modern theory of sustainable economic growth is based on the concept of innovation. That is why the main indicators of overall economic development depend on innovative development. The article studies the variability of a data group formed from indicators of innovative development of the economy of Kazakhstan, using one of the methods of reducing dimension as a correlation analysis. The data of 2000–2018 are analyzed, that is, for 19 years. Discusses the correlation analysis of indicators characterizing the amount of research and development costs and gross domestic product. The obtained correlation coefficients demonstrate a strong linear relationship between the selected indicators. The statistical analysis showed: patterns of change in the GDP of the economy internal R&D costs are almost identical, correlation-regression model of the impact of GDP on domestic R&D expenditures. That is, the number of innovatively active enterprises and internal R&D costs are interdependent variables with a close correlation. High correlation coefficients between the registration of patent applications and the grant of patents in Kazakhstan and the number of employees performing R&D. A strong but negative relationship between the number of organizations performing research and development and the rest, perhaps some organizations exist only nominally and their economic activity is minimal.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the results of socio-economic analysis conducted in the framework of the topic among young entrepreneurs and students of the Republic of Kazakhstan and concluded that only the implementation of common efforts of the state, business, civil society institutions (NGOs) will contribute to the development of youth entrepreneurship is substantiated.
Abstract: The article deals with the socio-economic analysis of youth entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. Youth entrepreneurship is defined as a tool to ensure the growth of employment, the involvement of young people in economic activities, their socialization and self-realization. The development of this direction allows to use the creative potential of the younger generation in the interests of innovative development of the country. The author presents the results of socio-economic analysis conducted in the framework of the topic among young entrepreneurs and students of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Published a complex description of the socio-economic subjectivity of youth in Kazakhstan, a systematic analysis of youth entrepreneurship, its quantitative and qualitative parameters, development effectiveness and its impact on the main macroeconomic indicators that characterize the growth of the economy and its innovative flexibility. Received the dynamics of the development of the economically active population of the Republic of Kazakhstan aged 15-28 years according to the indicators presented in the article. Also, the level of youth unemployment and its relationship with the youth category NEET - Not in Education, Employment or Training. The implementation of the common efforts of the state, business, civil society institutions will contribute to the development of youth entrepreneurship is substantiated. The conclusion that only the implementation of common efforts of the state, business, civil society institutions (NGOs) will contribute to the development of youth entrepreneurship is substantiated.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider credit evolution in the economic thought and the notion of borrower's creditworthiness, with a special emphasis on its place in credit theory, and suggest own updated definition of borrower’s creditworthiness that is considered to be innovative and especially significant in the context of the borrower's long-term development.
Abstract: The authorss regard credit evolution in the economic thought and the notion of borrower’s creditworthiness, with a special emphasis on its place in credit theory. In the process of credit theory evolution the authorss singled out three stages of theory development: 1) the naturalist theory of credit that originated within the classical political economy (A. Smith, D. Ricardo) and treated credit as a natural mechanism used by banks to redistribute the material resources in the society; 2) the capital-raising theory of credit that originated in the framework of monetarism (J. Loe, G. Mcleod, J. Shumpeter, F. Friedman, etc.) and is based on the position that credit can set in movement all production factors that are not in use in the country to create wealth and capital; 3) theory of credit regulation that originated under the impact of the depression of 1929-1933 within J. Keins’Canes’ theory and justified the significance of credit regulation in economy, emphasizing that it may facilitate economic development also in the period of crisis. Along with the origin of credit theory in economic research literature in the 18th century the term ‘borrower’s creditworthiness’ appeared that was used by A. Smith, J. Keins, N. Bunge, V. Kossinsky, etc. The analysis of definitions of borrower’s creditworthiness available in research literature makes it possible for the authorss of the present study to argue that each of the suggested definitions emphasizes 1-2 aspects of creditworthiness without its systemic formulation, taking into account the borrower’s ability of receiving, efficiently using, and repaying credit. Hence, the authorss suggest own updated definition of borrower’s creditworthiness that is considered to be innovative and especially significant in the context of the borrower’s long-term development. It must be noted that in the science of economics the assessment of borrower’s creditworthiness is based on two methodological paradigms – creditworthiness as absence of bankruptcy and creditworthiness as an ability of efficient use of credit; the authors consider the latter to comply with the conception of a sustainable economic development, thus it must be the basis for selecting methods of assessment of borrower’s creditworthiness in the contemporary practice of crediting. The authorss have selected for analysis methods of assessment of borrower’s creditworthiness existing in research literature and actually used – rating, prognosis, complex methods – whereof borrower’s creditworthiness is calculated by multiplying the chosen indicator values with the weight of their significance in the integral indicator.
10 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of different policies and measures defined by governments in the resilience of regions, besides their connectedness to the global economic system and their endogenous capacities, was discussed.
Abstract: This article aims to discuss the importance of the different policies and measures defined by governments in the resilience of regions, besides their connectedness to the global economic system and their endogenous capacities. The article explores the importance of different attributes in the resilience of Turkish regions (26 NUTS II regions) in the last two recessionary shocks and in the following recovery periods. By analysing the role of regional policies in the resilience of regions in two distinct periods, the article concludes that the existing policies have made only a limited contribution to the building of resilient regions, and emphasises the need for a new perspective in the developing of policies for regional resilience.
42 citations
"Assessment of competitiveness of re..." refers background in this paper
...Conclusion Despite a large amount of research (Eraydin, 2015; Klaster, 2017; Jakobsen, 2017), there is no agreed definition of the term “regional structural policy”....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the impact of key factors that affect the countries' competitive positions with a focus on Slovakia and concluded that it is necessary to clarify the causes of their development and eliminate these identified factors as soon as possible.
Abstract: The issue of countries' competitiveness and sustainable economic growth is constantly at the centre of interest and represents the frequent object of research in economic theory as well as economic practice. The multi-criterial approach and the assessment methodologies relating to the global competitiveness have been dynamically adjusted over the recent years to reflect the current globalization trends in the world economy. The main objective of this study is to analyse the objectivity and resulting values' deviations of the Global competitiveness Index (GCI) and World Competitiveness Index (WCI) composite indexes that are currently considered to be the world's most respected and to identify the impact of key factors that affect the countries' competitive positions with a focus on Slovakia. The research study is realized within the group of EU (24) countries for the period 2006 – 2016. The partial objective is to summarize the main starting points of the World Economic Forum (WEF) and Institute for Management Development (IMD) composing these indices, to identify their common features and different approaches that create differences in the results achieved. Then we analyzed the differences between the resulting rankings and the resulting scores of the GCI and WCI rated countries. In the next part, we focused on analyzing the position of Slovakia using the correlation and multiple regression analysis and identifying the interrelationships between individual pillars and the GCI score in order to determine the impact of key factors that influence the competitive position and sustainable growth of Slovakia and improve or worsen its position. Our results highlighted the economic and statistical context of GCI Slovakia development and the impact of the following key pillars and key factors: pillar P1 (P1: Institutions – Public trust in politicians), pillar P3 (P3: Macroeconomic environment – Government debt) and pillar P11 (P11: Business sophistication – Nature of competitive advantage). All three pillars, identified as crucial to the development of the overall Slovakias' GCI scores, occupy unflattering positions in the comparison of pillar rankings. Therefore, we conclude that it is necessary to clarify the causes of their development and eliminate these identified factors as soon as possible. The results can be seen as beneficial to countries' economic policies in increasing global competitiveness.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report two studies on regional networks in the public-policy areas of education and employment in the Netherlands and find that there is a tension between the dual objectives of obtaining short-term goals and establishing enduring network relations.
Abstract: Regional networks have become popular routes for central governments to translate national ambitions into regional policies and actions; but these networks face challenges, having to balance between the dual objectives of obtaining short-term goals and establishing enduring network relations. This empirical article addresses the question as to whether there is any tension between these objectives, and if so, how can it be explained and managed. We report two studies on regional networks in the public-policy areas of Education and Employment in the Netherlands. Multiple methods were used: Interviews, surveys, archival records, social network data, and participatory observations. The findings suggest that this tension exists, and that it is especially found in young networks; more mature networks demonstrate better balance between network relations and goal attainment. Network governance was found to be a key explanatory factor whereby a network which had an administrative organization with a merely facilitative role, performed best in both respects.
32 citations
"Assessment of competitiveness of re..." refers background in this paper
...Conclusion Despite a large amount of research (Eraydin, 2015; Klaster, 2017; Jakobsen, 2017), there is no agreed definition of the term “regional structural policy”....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors determine the key problems of regional development in modern Russia and to substantiate the perspectives and model the process of their solving with the help of new Internet technologies.
Abstract: The purpose of the work is to determine the key problems of regional development in modern Russia and to substantiate the perspectives and model the process of their solving with the help of new Internet technologies. For full coverage of the problems of regional development in modern Russia, they are analyzed from the positions of public perception and level of dynamics of the statistical data that characterize these problems. At that, the methods of logical and statistical analysis are used. The information and analytical basis of the research includes the materials of the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center, Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, and independence expert and analytical organization RIA Ranking for 2014-2017. As a result, the authors substantiate that implementation of new Internet technologies is a perspective means of solving the problems of regional development in modern Russia. These problems concern optimality of interaction of non-government economic subjects (society and entrepreneurship) between each other, which leads to low business activity, complexity of employment, and low income, and non-optimality of interaction between non-government economic subjects and the state, which leads to inaccessibility and low quality of state services and public benefits, including healthcare, communal and housing sphere, infrastructure, etc. Implementation of new Internet technologies into entrepreneurship allows reducing its capital intensity, increasing business activity, simplifying the process of employment, and increasing accessibility (reduce cost) of goods and services for the population. Due to implementation of new Internet technologies into activities of state organizations, which provide state services and public benefits, their controllability and manageability by society is achieved – which stimulates increase of their quality and accessibility. A proprietary model of solving the problems of regional development in modern Russia with the help of new Internet technologies is developed.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of scientific research aimed at identifying the mutual influence of the basic factors of regional development and start-ups as an important element of the socioeconomic system.
Abstract: The article considers the factors influencing regional development on the part of start-ups, shows a cognitive model of such impact, and gives an analysis of scenario modeling in the Samara Region. The research results are aimed at creating favorable conditions for ensuring the progressive development of a single region and the entire Russian economy. To implement the goal, studies were carried out in the form of an expert survey aimed at assessing the impact of start-ups on regional development. The study included methods of systemic analysis, economic statistics, methods of sociological expert survey, a method of statistical data analysis, a method of qualitative peer review, and a method of cognitive modeling. The article presents the results of scientific research aimed at identifying the mutual influence of the basic factors of regional development and start-ups as an important element of the socioeconomic system. The works of many scholars are devoted to the analysis and research of the problem of innovative entrepreneurship. They reveal the aspects of studying innovative entrepreneurship in the context of improving the effectiveness of innovative activity and motivating entrepreneurship. This study highlights the importance of start-ups for the formation and development of effective regional innovation systems and actualizes investigations related to identifying the main directions in the activities of the region's start-ups. A comparative analysis of the scenarios was carried out and the most effective of them were determined for the Samara Region. The presented research results can be transferred and reproduced in any constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The obtained cognitive models can be used as basic models to back up large administrative decision-making in the field of managing the regional infrastructure for supporting small and medium-sized businesses to improve its adaptability to changes in external and internal factors and to determine the trajectories of sustainable development. In addition, the obtained models can be applied in the field of fundamental research on the functioning and development of regional socioeconomic systems, as well as in applied research in modeling options for sustainable development of regional socioeconomic systems.
21 citations
"Assessment of competitiveness of re..." refers background in this paper
...Particularly, this issue is of urgent demand in developing countries (e.g. Orlova et al., 2018; Ragulina et al., 2018; Kiseľáková et al., 2018; Selivanova-Fyodorova et al., 2019)....
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