Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body
01 Apr 1985-The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (American Society for Nutrition)-Vol. 41, Iss: 4, pp 810-817
TL;DR: Data indicate that the bioelectrical impedance technique is a reliable and valid approach for the estimation of human body composition and further validation of this method is recommended in subjects with abnormal body composition.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.The article was published on 1985-04-01. It has received 1807 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Bioelectrical impedance analysis & Composition of the human body.
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TL;DR: To establish the prevalence of sarc Openia in older Americans and to test the hypothesis that sarcopenia is related to functional impairment and physical disability in older persons is established.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of sarcopenia in older Americans and to test the hypothesis that sarcope- nia is related to functional impairment and physical dis- ability in older persons. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Nationally representative cross-sectional sur- vey using data from the Third National Health and Nutri- tion Examination Survey (NHANES III). PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen thousand eight hundred eigh- teen adult NHANES III participants aged 18 and older. MEASUREMENTS: The presence of sarcopenia and the relationship between sarcopenia and functional impairment and disability were examined in 4,504 adults aged 60 and older. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated from bioimped- ance analysis measurements and expressed as skeletal mus- cle mass index (SMIskeletal muscle mass/body mass � 100). Subjects were considered to have a normal SMI if their SMI was greater than -one standard deviation above the sex-specific mean for young adults (aged 18-39). Class I sarcopenia was considered present in subjects whose SMI was within -one to -two standard deviations of young adult values, and class II sarcopenia was present in subjects whose SMI was below -two standard deviations of young adult values. RESULTS: The prevalence of class I and class II sarcope- nia increased from the third to sixth decades but remained relatively constant thereafter. The prevalence of class I (59% vs 45%) and class II (10% vs 7%) sarcopenia was greater in the older ( � 60 years) women than in the older men ( P � .001). The likelihood of functional impairment and disability was approximately two times greater in the older men and three times greater in the older women with class II sarcopenia than in the older men and women with a normal SMI, respectively. Some of the associations be- tween class II sarcopenia and functional impairment re- mained significant after adjustment for age, race, body mass index, health behaviors, and comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced relative skeletal muscle mass in older Americans is a common occurrence that is signifi- cantly and independently associated with functional im- pairment and disability, particularly in older women. These observations provide strong support for the prevailing view that sarcopenia may be an important and potentially re- versible cause of morbidity and mortality in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:889-896, 2002.
2,710 citations
TL;DR: The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widespread both in healthy subjects and patients, but suffers from a lack of standardized method and quality control procedures.
2,371 citations
Cites background from "Assessment of fat-free mass using b..."
...0%.(67) Prediction errors were estimated to be 3–8% for TBW and 3....
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TL;DR: The HOMA can be reliably used in large-scale or epidemiological studies in which only a fasting blood sample is available to assess insulin sensitivity and there is good agreement between the two methods in the categorization of subjects according to insulin sensitivity.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) is a reliable surrogate measure of in vivo insulin sensitivity in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the present study, we compared insulin sensitivity as assessed by a 4-h euglycemic (approximately 5 mmol/l) hyperinsulinemic (approximately 300 pmol/l) clamp with HOMA in 115 subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: We found a strong correlation between clamp-measured total glucose disposal and HOMA-estimated insulin sensitivity (r = -0.820, P
2,323 citations
TL;DR: The validity and reliability of the tetrapolar impedance method for use in assessment of body composition in healthy humans is established, with a lower predictive error or standard error of the estimates of estimating body fatness than did a standard anthropometric technique.
Abstract: This study was conducted to validate the relationship between bioelectrical conductance (ht2/R) and densitometrically determined fat-free mass, and to compare the prediction errors of body fatness ...
1,314 citations
TL;DR: Internal and external cross-validation of the prediction formulas showed that they gave valid estimates of body fat in males and females at all ages, in obese subjects however, the prediction formula slightly overestimated the BF%.
Abstract: In 1229 subjects, 521 males and 708 females, with a wide range in body mass index (BMI; 13.9-40.9 kg/m2), and an age range of 7-83 years, body composition was determined by densitometry and anthropometry. The relationship between densitometrically-determined body fat percentage (BF%) and BMI, taking age and sex (males = 1, females = 0) into account, was analysed. For children aged 15 years and younger, the relationship differed from that in adults, due to the height-related increase in BMI in children. In children the BF% could be predicted by the formula BF% = 1.51 x BMI-0.70 x age - 3.6 x sex + 1.4 (R2 0.38, SE of estimate (SEE) 4.4% BF%). In adults the prediction formula was: BF% = 1.20 x BMI + 0.23 x age - 10.8 x sex - 5.4 (R2 0.79, SEE = 4.1% BF%). Internal and external cross-validation of the prediction formulas showed that they gave valid estimates of body fat in males and females at all ages. In obese subjects however, the prediction formulas slightly overestimated the BF%. The prediction error is comparable to the prediction error obtained with other methods of estimating BF%, such as skinfold thickness measurements or bioelectrical impedance.
1,233 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: Within-subject and mixed designs of Factorial Design have been studied in this article, where the Principal Two-Factor Within-Factor Effects and Simple Effects have been used to estimate the effect size and power of interaction components.
Abstract: I. INTRODUCTION. 1. Experimental Design. II. SINGLE FACTOR EXPERIMENTS. 2. Sources of Variability and Sums of Squares. 3. Variance Estimates and F Ratio. 4. Analytical Comparisons Among Means. 5. Analysis of Trend. 6. Simultaneous Comparisons. 7. The Linear Model and Its Assumptions. 8. Effect Size and Power. 9. Using Statistical Software. III. FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS WITH TWO FACTORS. 10. Introduction to the Factorial Design. 11. The Principal Two-Factor Effects. 12. Main Effects and Simple Effects. 13. The Analysis of Interaction Components. IV. NONORTHOGONALITY AND THE GENERAL LINEAR MODEL. 14. General Linear Model. 15. The Analysis of Covariance. V. WITHIN-SUBJECT DESIGNS. 16. The Single-Factor Within-Subject Design. 17. Further Within-Subject Topics. 18. The Two-Factor Within-Subject Design. 19. The Mixed Design: Overall Analysis. 20. The Mixed Design: Analytical Analyses. VI. HIGHER FACTORIAL DESIGNS AND OTHER EXTENSIONS. 21. The Overall Three-Factor Design. 22. The Three-Way Analytical Analysis. 23. Within-Subject and Mixed Designs. 24. Random Factors and Generalization. 25. Nested Factors. 26. Higher-Order Designs. Appendix A: Statistical Tables.
6,216 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic theory of analysis of variance by considering several different mathematical models is examined, including fixed-effects models with independent observations of equal variance and other models with different observations of variance.
Abstract: Originally published in 1959, this classic volume has had a major impact on generations of statisticians. Newly issued in the Wiley Classics Series, the book examines the basic theory of analysis of variance by considering several different mathematical models. Part I looks at the theory of fixed-effects models with independent observations of equal variance, while Part II begins to explore the analysis of variance in the case of other models.
5,728 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that in a system consisting of two additive components which are mixed but the densities of which are known, the determination of the density of the system allows one to calculate the proportional masses of the two components.
Abstract: One can trace to Archimedes the idea that in a system consisting of two additive components which are mixed but the densities of which are known ( d l , d 2 ) , the determination of the density of the system ( D ) allows one to calculate the proportional masses of the two components. Let’s denote these components as W1 and W2.S Then, in a system with total weight W = W1 + Wz, the general equation for calculating component W1 expressed as a fraction (w1) of the total body weight is:
2,221 citations
"Assessment of fat-free mass using b..." refers background or methods in this paper
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...20.2 ± 7.6 Fat free mass, kg 68.4 ± 14.0 Total body water, L 50.6 ± 10.3 Total body potassium, g 167.5 ± 38.1 from hydrodensitomet 19-42 163.1-194.8 51.8-135.4 7.8-43.0 44.6-98.1 33.0-71.3 114.7-258.5 ry according to* Calculated Brozek et al (1). by on F ebruary 28, 2007 w w w .ajcn.org D ow nloaded from FFM ASSESSED BY BODY IMPEDANCE 813 Rt,,.JRt. Rt.,,.JLt. LtW.....
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...Although a variety of body composition methods is available, the majority are limited to the research or clinical laboratory and include densitometry (1), de-...
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780 citations