Assessment of groundwater quality and groundwater vulnerability in the northern Ordos Cretaceous Basin, China
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used principal component analysis (PCA) and a modified DRASTIC model to assess the groundwater quality and groundwater vulnerability in Ordos Cretaceous Basin, China.
Abstract: As a result of serious groundwater pollution in the northern Ordos Cretaceous Basin, China, it is necessary to carry out groundwater quality and groundwater vulnerability assessment. In this study, groundwater quality was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and groundwater vulnerability was assessed by a modified DRASTIC model. Then, the assessment results of groundwater vulnerability were verified by comparing the corresponding relation between groundwater vulnerability and groundwater quality. Finally, the map removal method was utilized to analyze the parameter sensitivity of groundwater vulnerability. The research results show that more than half of the study area has moderate degree of groundwater pollution. Groundwater is polluted serious in the south of study area. The groundwater vulnerability assessment results based on modified DRASTIC model are more consistent with actual conditions of study area. The high groundwater vulnerability is mainly distributed in middle east of study area. The sensitivity of the groundwater vulnerability from largest to smallest are impact of the vadose zone, depth to water, net recharge, type of soil media, type of aquifer media, and topography. Above researches provide a good approach for assessing groundwater vulnerability accurately and a strong scientific basis for protecting the groundwater environment across the study area.
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used water quality index (WQI) and human health risk weighting to evaluate the overall groundwater quality in Dingbian County, China, and found that poor quality water and very poor water account for 11.43 % and 17.14 % of all sampled groundwater, respectively, which are not suitable for drinking.
Abstract: Groundwater is essential to secure the safety of water supply in the Ordos basin, China. In this study, 35 groundwater samples were collected from part of the Dingbian County, a significant part of the Ordos energy base in China, and were analyzed for 17 physicochemical parameters. The health risk was quantified through the model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In addition, water quality index (WQI), which is incorporated with human health risk weighting, was adopted to evaluate the overall groundwater quality. The results show that groundwater in the study area is slightly alkaline water, and the hydrochemical types of groundwater is mainly HCO3-Na, HCO3-Na·Mg·Ca and mixed SO4·Cl-Na types. The non-carcinogenic health risks follow the order: NO3−>F−>Cr6+>As>NO2−>Mn, and the carcinogenic risks is mainly contributed by Cr6+. Children face higher risks than adults, and most groundwater samples are associated with unacceptable health risks for both adults and children. WQI results show that poor quality water and very poor quality water account for 11.43 % and 17.14 % of all sampled groundwater, respectively, which are not suitable for drinking. In terms of sodium hazard, nearly half of the groundwater samples are not suitable for irrigation. The results of this study will be helpful in groundwater management and protection in this area, and the health risk weighting method can be referenced by international scholars.
140 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the hydrochemistry of groundwater in Xuecha drinking water source by statistical analysis and graphical approaches and to evaluate the groundwater quality using improved set pair analysis (SPA) model with game theory for weight determination found most of the Huanhe groundwater is of excellent to fair quality, and more than half the Luohe water samples are of poor quality.
Abstract: The current study was carried out to investigate the hydrochemistry of groundwater in Xuecha drinking water source by statistical analysis and graphical approaches, and to evaluate the groundwater ...
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 50 sets of water samples, collected from 25 wells during October 2016 and June 2017, were utilized to determine the hydrogeochemistry and the suitability of groundwater in the alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province for different applications, such as drinking and irrigation.
Abstract: The alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province is an important agricultural economic zone and energy base in Shandong Province. Groundwater plays an extremely significant role in the development of the regional social economy. In this study, 50 sets of water samples, collected from 25 wells during October 2016 and June 2017, were utilized to determine the hydrogeochemistry and the suitability of groundwater in the alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province for different applications, such as drinking and irrigation. Most of the water samples could be classified as hard-fresh water or hard-brackish water, and the dominant water types were HCO3-Na and mixed types. Water-rock interactions and evaporation were the dominant controlling factors in the formation of the hydrochemical components in the groundwater. Dissolutions of silicate, calcite, dolomite, and gypsum are the major reactions contributing and defining the groundwater chemistry in this plain. Moreover, cation exchange is a non-negligible hydrogeochemical process in this plain. Calculated saturation index (SI) values indicate that aragonite, calcite and dolomite are saturated, while the SI values for gypsum and halite are unsaturated. Based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the groundwater quality ranges from excellent to very poor. More than 50% of all groundwater samples from 2016 are categorized as poor or very poor, suggesting that the water from these wells is not suitable for drinking. According to the sodium adsorption ratio and percentage sodium, most of the samples are suitable for agricultural irrigation. Overall, the quality of the groundwater in 2017 was found to be better than in 2016.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the analytical hierarchy process to determine the weights of the DRASTIClyS model to adapt the model to the study area which can make the approach applicable in other areas.
Abstract: Groundwater vulnerability to contamination risk is increasing daily due to human activities in the environment and increasing load on these precious resources. The groundwater underlying the Akure metropolis in southwestern Nigeria was assessed by the development of the DRASTICLYS model. The assessment results of the groundwater vulnerability were compared to the results of the conventional DRASTIC model generated. The analytical hierarchy process was employed to determine the weights of the model to adapt the model to the study area which can make the approach applicable in other areas. The DRASYICLYS model result showed moderate to high contamination risk in the central and eastern portions of the study area, while the DRASTIC model result showed moderate to high contamination in the eastern flank of the study area. The developed DRASTICLYS model is a modification of the conventional DRASTIC model in which three new parameters were imputed into the DRASTIC model namely lineament density, borehole yield and longitudinal conductance. The results were validated by conducting water chemistry analysis and statistical analysis on the groundwater. The efficiency of the developed DRASTICLYS model against the conventional DRASTIC model using water chemistry data was shown to be 95% and 90%, respectively. The statistical analysis using standard deviation carried out on the water sample superimposed on the developed DRASTICLYS and conventional DRASTIC models showed a correlation of 78% and 74%, respectively. The result shows that the DRASTICLYS model has better accuracy than the DRASTIC model. The analyzed results were able to zone the study area to groundwater vulnerable potential zones. The developed models will serve as a guide for planners and policymakers in the area for groundwater resources management and protecting the aquifer from pollutants.
24 citations
TL;DR: The research established the efficacy of EW-AHP method as a method of determining weights and provided a basis for regional control of groundwater nitrate pollution.
21 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the DRASTIC model in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment to find out the groundwater vulnerable zones in shallow aquifers in Aligarh and its surrounding areas, which is one of the fastest growing big cities of north India.
433 citations
Additional excerpts
...To date, a large number of researchers have applied the DRASTIC model to groundwater vulnerability assessment (Samake et al. 2011; Tiwari et al. 2016; Rahman 2008)....
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TL;DR: The Silk Road economic belt is an exciting prospect that may bring immense economic benefits to Eurasian countries as discussed by the authors, however, intensive human activities to be induced by it may double the water crisis in central Asia, deteriorate the vulnerable environment, and accelerate energy consumption in this area.
Abstract: The building of the Silk Road economic belt is an exciting prospect that may bring immense economic benefits to Eurasian countries. However, intensive human activities to be induced by it may double the water crisis in central Asia, deteriorate the vulnerable environment, and accelerate energy consumption in this area. To build a new and sustainable Silk Road economic belt, advancing scientific research, reinforcing international collaboration and enhancing education are necessary steps. With careful planning, sound research, good data and the support from governments and the people, the Silk Road economic belt can be developed in an environmentally sustainable manner that is a credit to all involved.
263 citations
"Assessment of groundwater quality a..." refers background in this paper
...The development of the Silk Road economic belt will require more energy development, thus inducing more groundwater problems (Li et al. 2015; Howard and Howard 2016)....
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...The development of the Silk Road economic belt will require more energy development, thus inducing more groundwater problems (Li et al. 2015; Howard and Howard 2016)....
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used correlation and multivariate statistical techniques to identify natural hydrogeochemical processes in Laoheba phosphorite mine (Sichuan Province, China).
Abstract: Prior to mining, the water in and around the mine is rarely influenced by human activities, and hydrogeochemical processes are the major factors influencing and controlling water chemistry. To identify these natural hydrogeochemical processes in Laoheba phosphorite mine (Sichuan Province, China), correlation and multivariate statistical techniques were used. Results show that water quality in the area is generally good before the Laoheba phosphorite mine goes into construction and production. The cluster analysis classified water samples into 4 clusters (C1–C4). Samples from C1 and C2 are of HCO3−Ca·Mg and HCO3−Ca type, while those from C3 and C4 are of HCO3−Ca·Mg type. Most parameters except Cl− and pH show an increasing trend in the order of C1 to C4. Three principal components were extracted, and PC1 represents the ion exchange and the weathering of calcite, dolomite, and silicate minerals. PC2 and PC3 indicate the process of water recharge from upstream waters and the process of evaporation, respectively. The hydrochemistry of waters in the area is a result of multiple factors, and natural mineral weathering and ion exchange are the most important ones.
237 citations
"Assessment of groundwater quality a..." refers background in this paper
...The steps of PCA for water quality assessment are as follows (Yi et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2014)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the DRASTIC method was modified to estimate vulnerability and pollution risk of porous aquifers to nitrate in the Anthemountas basin, and two new methods were then applied in the porous aquifer of the basin.
222 citations
"Assessment of groundwater quality a..." refers background in this paper
...(2), as follows (Kazakis and Voudouris 2015; National Research Council 1993): S ¼ V N − V 0. n V 0 @ 1 A 100% ð2Þ In this expression, V and V′ denote the unperturbed and perturbed vulnerability indices, respectively, while N and n are the number of maps used for their calculation....
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TL;DR: It was found that more than 50% of the groundwater basin area in the valley is susceptible to groundwater pollution and these areas are mostly in Northern groundwater district Low and very low vulnerable areas account for only 13% and are located in Central and Southern groundwater districts.
133 citations
"Assessment of groundwater quality a..." refers methods in this paper
...A large number of methods had been developed for groundwater vulnerability assessment including process-based method, statistical method, and overlay-index method (Kumar et al. 2013; Shrestha et al. 2016; Rebolledo et al. 2016)....
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