Assessment of potential sources of protozoan contamination between two avian feeding guilds in a conservation area
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"Assessment of potential sources of ..." refers background in this paper
...These parasites cause gastrointestinal diseases (e.g. giardiasis) leading to diarrhoea in animals including humans (Craun 1986; Insect order Number dissected Number infected Prevalence Parasite species Developmental stage Number Hymenoptera 47 4 0.09 Entamoeba histolytica Egg 8 Diptera 53 5 0.09 Entamoeba histolytica Egg 7 Giardia lamblia Cyst 3 Coleoptera 18 4 0.22 Cryptosporidium parvum Oocyst 3 Entamoeba histolytica Egg 5 Orthoptera 57 14 0.25 Cryptosporidium parvum Oocyst 13 Entamoeba histolytica Egg 9 Lepidoptera 17 7 0.41 Cryptosporidium parvum Oocyst 2 Entamoeba histolytica Egg 11 Total 192 34 61 Table 3: Protozoans recorded from insect orders constituting diet of insectivorous birds within the Jos Wildlife Park, Nigeria Parasite species Developmental stage Number Subtotal Percentage of total number recorded Cryptosporidium parvum Oocyst 3 5 12.2 Adult 2 Entamoeba histolytica Egg 2 12 29.3 Adult 10 Giardia lamblia Cyst 8 8 19.5 Paramecium Adult 4 4 9.8 Schistosome Egg 2 10 24.4 Adult 8 Taenia Egg 2 2 4.9 Total 41 100.0 Table 4: Protozoans recorded across water sources within the Jos Wildlife Park, Nigeria PR O PO R TI O N 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 Insects Grasses Water SOURCE Mac Kenzie et al. 1994; Dawson 2005)....
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...Often, humans and other environmental factors could contaminate available water and food resources within a protected area with devastating consequences on birds and other wildlife species (Craun 1986; Mac Kenzie et al. 1994; Hassl et al. 2001; Dawson 2005)....
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...…Cyst 8 8 19.5 Paramecium Adult 4 4 9.8 Schistosome Egg 2 10 24.4 Adult 8 Taenia Egg 2 2 4.9 Total 41 100.0 Table 4: Protozoans recorded across water sources within the Jos Wildlife Park, Nigeria PR O PO R TI O N 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 Insects Grasses Water SOURCE Mac Kenzie et al. 1994; Dawson 2005)....
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...Mac Kenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME, Gradus MS, Blair KA, Peterson DE, Kazmierczak JJ, Addiss DG, Fox KR, Rose JB, Davis JP. 1994....
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...Adam RD. 2001....
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"Assessment of potential sources of ..." refers background in this paper
...Thus, they are a critical component of the ecosystem that could shape its structure and function (Horwitz and Wilcox 2005; Hudson et al. 2006)....
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...Thus, they are a critical component of the ecosystem that could shape its structure and function (Horwitz and Wilcox 2005; Hudson et al. 2006)....
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...At population and individual levels, parasites could affect species abundance, distribution, survival, reproduction and growth (Holmes 1996; Hudson et al. 2006; Norte et al. 2009)....
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"Assessment of potential sources of ..." refers background in this paper
...…water Parasites are widely adapted to a broad range of ecological conditions across the different stages of their life cycle, which makes them a highly dominant and taxonomically diverse group with the capacity to access their host quite easily (Dobson et al. 2008; Nichols and Gomez 2011)....
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