Association between specific adipose tissue CD4+ T-cell populations and insulin resistance in obese individuals
Elisa Fabbrini,Marina Cella,Steve A. Mccartney,Anja Fuchs,Nada A. Abumrad,Terri A. Pietka,Zhouji Chen,Brian N. Finck,Dong Ho Han,Faidon Magkos,Caterina Conte,David Bradley,Gemma Fraterrigo,Gemma Fraterrigo,J. Christopher Eagon,Bruce W. Patterson,Marco Colonna,Samuel Klein +17 more
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TLDR
Adipose tissue from MAO individuals contains increased numbers of Th17 and Th22 cells, which produce cytokines that cause metabolic dysfunction in liver and muscle in vitro, which contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obese people.About:
This article is published in Gastroenterology.The article was published on 2013-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 230 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Adipose tissue & White adipose tissue.read more
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Interleukin-22: Immunobiology and Pathology
TL;DR: The current understanding of IL-22 is assessed, including its physiologic and pathologic effects on epithelial cell function, which are linked to several conditions involving inflammatory tissue pathology.
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Effects of Moderate and Subsequent Progressive Weight Loss on Metabolic Function and Adipose Tissue Biology in Humans with Obesity
Faidon Magkos,Faidon Magkos,Gemma Fraterrigo,Jun Yoshino,Courtney Tiemann Luecking,Kyleigh Kirbach,Shannon C. Kelly,Lisa de las Fuentes,Songbing He,Songbing He,Adewole L. Okunade,Bruce W. Patterson,Samuel Klein +12 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that moderate 5% weight loss improves metabolic function in multiple organs simultaneously, and progressive weight loss causes dose-dependent alterations in key adipose tissue biological pathways.
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The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation
TL;DR: The authors describe how metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are driven by alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, which translocate from the gut across a disrupted intestinal barrier and contribute to metabolic inflammation.
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Sarcopenic obesity or obese sarcopenia: A cross talk between age-associated adipose tissue and skeletal muscle inflammation as a main mechanism of the pathogenesis.
TL;DR: This condition is proposed to be defined as "obese sarcopenia", to reflect the direction of the pathological pathway, and it is believed that AT inflammation dominates over skeletal muscle inflammation.
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The Macrophage Switch in Obesity Development.
Angela Castoldi,Cristiane Naffah de Souza,Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara,Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara,Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira +4 more
TL;DR: The immunologic and metabolic functions of AT macrophages and their different facets in obesity and the metabolic syndrome are reviewed.
References
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Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Stuart P. Weisberg,Daniel McCann,Manisha Desai,Michael Rosenbaum,Rudolph L. Leibel,Anthony W. Ferrante +5 more
TL;DR: Transcript expression in perigonadal adipose tissue from groups of mice in which adiposity varied due to sex, diet, and the obesity-related mutations agouti (Ay) and obese (Lepob) found that the expression of 1,304 transcripts correlated significantly with body mass.
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Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance
TL;DR: A role for TNF-alpha in obesity and particularly in the insulin resistance and diabetes that often accompany obesity is indicated.
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Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance.
Haiyan Xu,Glenn Barnes,Qing Yang,Guo Tan,Daseng Yang,Chieh J. Chou,Jason Sole,Andrew Nichols,Jeffrey S. Ross,Louis A. Tartaglia,Hong Chen +10 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that obesity-related insulin resistance is, at least in part, a chronic inflammatory disease initiated in adipose tissue, and that macrophage-related inflammatory activities may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp.
TL;DR: A novel estimate of insulin sensitivity that is simple to calculate and provides a reasonable approximation of whole-body insulin sensitivity from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
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IL-17 and Th17 Cells.
TL;DR: The investigation of the differentiation, effector function, and regulation of Th17 cells has opened up a new framework for understanding T cell differentiation and now appreciate the importance of Th 17 cells in clearing pathogens during host defense reactions and in inducing tissue inflammation in autoimmune disease.