Association of body mass index and prostate cancer mortality
TL;DR: The results suggest that BMI at diagnosis is strongly correlated with prostate cancer mortality, and that men with aggressive disease have a markedly greater odds of death if they are overweight or obese.
About: This article is published in Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.The article was published on 2014-07-01 and is currently open access. It has received 46 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Prostate cancer & Body mass index.
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TL;DR: Recent trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates have been on the decline or have stabilized recently in many countries, with decreases more pronounced in high-income countries.
547 citations
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre1, Tel Aviv University2, University of Toronto3, Mayo Clinic4, Harvard University5, University of Pittsburgh6, Fudan University7, National Cancer Research Institute8, National Institutes of Health9, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center10, University of Washington11, Wayne State University12, University of Oviedo13, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center14, University of Sheffield15, University of Hawaii16, University of California, Los Angeles17, University of Liverpool18, German Cancer Research Center19, University of Michigan20, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute21
TL;DR: Both being underweight or morbidly obese at time of diagnosis is associated with lower stage-specific survival in independent assessments of NSCLC and SCLC patients, and a decrease in BMI at lung cancer diagnosis relative to early adulthood is a consistent marker of poor survival.
64 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that a HFD containing lard increases prostate cancer development and progression, thereby reducing the survival rate, and the increase of adipose tissue-derived soluble factors by HFD feeding plays a role in the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer via endocrine and paracrine mechanisms.
Abstract: To examine the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) containing lard on prostate cancer development and progression and its underlying mechanisms, transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) and TRAMP-C2 allograft models, as well as in vitro culture models, were employed. In TRAMP mice, HFD feeding increased the incidence of poorly differentiated carcinoma and decreased that of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the dorsolateral lobes of the prostate, which was accompanied by increased expression of proteins associated with proliferation and angiogenesis. HFD feeding also led to increased metastasis and decreased survival rate in TRAMP mice. In the allograft model, HFD increased solid tumor growth, the expression of proteins related to proliferation/angiogenesis, the number of lipid vacuoles in tumor tissues, and levels of several cytokines in serum and adipose tissue. In vitro results revealed that adipose tissue-conditioned media from HFD-fed mice stimulated the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells and angiogenesis compared to those from control-diet-fed mice. These results indicate that the increase of adipose tissue-derived soluble factors by HFD feeding plays a role in the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer via endocrine and paracrine mechanisms. These results provide evidence that a HFD containing lard increases prostate cancer development and progression, thereby reducing the survival rate.
44 citations
Cites background from "Association of body mass index and ..."
...A high intake of dairy protein was associated with an increased risk of human prostate cancer [44], whereas restriction of dietary protein intake (7% kcal) inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of human prostate and breast cancer [45]....
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TL;DR: Higher prediagnosis BMI is associated with a higher risk of death from prostate cancer, Considering the significant heterogeneity among included studies, these findings require confirmation in future studies.
Abstract: Previous studies concerning the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in prostate cancer yielded mixed results. We investigated the association by performing a meta-analysis of all available studies. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE to August 2015. We calculated the summary hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects models. We estimated combined HRs associated with defined increments of BMI, using random-effects meta-analysis and dose–response meta-regression models. Thirty-seven cohort studies and one case-control study involving 27 38 000 patients of prostate cancer were selected for meta-analysis. The summary results indicated higher prediagnosis BMI but not postdiagnosis BMI was associated with increased risk of death from prostate cancer. An increment of every 5 kg/m2 in prediagnosis BMI was associated with a 15% higher prostate cancer-specific mortality (HR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.23, P<0.01). Prediagnosis or postdiagnosis BMI showed no effect on all-cause mortality in prostate cancer patients. In conclusion, higher prediagnosis BMI is associated with a higher risk of death from prostate cancer. Considering the significant heterogeneity among included studies, these findings require confirmation in future studies.
43 citations
TL;DR: Whether PA protects against PCa remains elusive and further investigation taking into account the complex clinical and pathologic nature of PCa is needed to clarify the PA and PCa incidence relation.
42 citations
References
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TL;DR: The increases in the prevalence of obesity previously observed do not appear to be continuing at the same rate over the past 10 years, particularly for women and possibly for men.
Abstract: Results In 2007-2008, the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was 33.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.6%-36.0%) overall, 32.2% (95% CI, 29.5%-35.0%) among men, and 35.5% (95% CI, 33.2%-37.7%) among women. The corresponding prevalence estimates for overweight and obesity combined (BMI 25) were 68.0% (95% CI, 66.3%-69.8%), 72.3% (95% CI, 70.4%-74.1%), and 64.1% (95% CI, 61.3%66.9%). Obesity prevalence varied by age group and by racial and ethnic group for both men and women. Over the 10-year period, obesity showed no significant trend among women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for 2007-2008 vs 1999-2000, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.89-1.32]). For men, there was a significant linear trend (AOR for 2007-2008 vs 1999-2000, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.12-1.58]); however, the 3 most recent data points did not differ significantly from each other.
7,730 citations
"Association of body mass index and ..." refers background in this paper
...[2] Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR....
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...Known risk actors for prostate cancer incidence include ge, African-American race/ethnicity, lower socioconomic status, family history of any cancer, and igh body mass index [1,2]....
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Journal Article•
4,614 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the strength of associations between BMI and different sites of cancer and differences in these associations between sex and ethnic groups should inform the exploration of biological mechanisms that link obesity with cancer.
4,504 citations
TL;DR: Gaining a better understanding of the relationship between obesity and cancer can provide new insight into mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis.
Abstract: The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing globally. Epidemiological studies have associated obesity with a range of cancer types, although the mechanisms by which obesity induces or promotes tumorigenesis vary by cancer site. These include insulin resistance and resultant chronic hyperinsulinaemia, increased bioavailability of steroid hormones and localized inflammation. Gaining a better understanding of the relationship between obesity and cancer can provide new insight into mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis.
3,281 citations
"Association of body mass index and ..." refers background in this paper
...The biologic mechanism for obesity potenially affecting prostate cancer is not established, ut prior studies have hypothesised that obesity s associated with higher grade tumours, disease rogression, higher prostate specific antigen (PSA) evels after diagnosis [3—5], or lower testosterone evels, all of which can contribute to adverse rostate cancer outcomes [6]....
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...[6] Calle EE, Kaaks R....
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TL;DR: Clinical parameters (PSADT, pathological Gleason score, and time from surgery to biochemical recurrence) can help risk stratify patients for prostate cancer–specific mortality following biochemical recurrent after radical prostatectomy.
Abstract: ContextThe natural history of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
can be long but variable. Better risk assessment models are needed to identify
men who are at high risk for prostate cancer death early and who may benefit
from aggressive salvage treatment and to identify men who are at low risk
for prostate cancer death and can be safely observed.ObjectivesTo define risk factors for prostate cancer death following radical prostatectomy
and to develop tables to risk stratify for prostate cancer–specific
survival.Design, Setting, and PatientsRetrospective cohort study of 379 men who had undergone radical prostatectomy
at an urban tertiary care hospital between 1982 and 2000 and who had a biochemical
recurrence and after biochemical failure had at least 2 prostate-specific
antigen (PSA) values at least 3 months apart in order to calculate PSA doubling
time (PSADT). The mean (SD) follow-up after surgery was 10.3 (4.7) years and
median follow-up was 10 years (range, 1-20 years).Main Outcome MeasureProstate cancer–specific mortality.ResultsMedian survival had not been reached after 16 years of follow-up after
biochemical recurrence. Prostate-specific doubling time (<3.0 vs 3.0-8.9
vs 9.0-14.9 vs ≥15.0 months), pathological Gleason score (≤7 vs 8-10),
and time from surgery to biochemical recurrence (≤3 vs >3 years) were all
significant risk factors for time to prostate-specific mortality. Using these
3 variables, tables were constructed to estimate the risk of prostate cancer–specific
survival at year 15 after biochemical recurrence.ConclusionClinical parameters (PSADT, pathological Gleason score, and time from
surgery to biochemical recurrence) can help risk stratify patients for prostate
cancer–specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical
prostatectomy. These preliminary findings may serve as useful guides to patients
and their physicians to identify patients at high risk for prostate cancer–specific
mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy to
enroll them in early aggressive treatment trials. In addition, these preliminary
findings highlight that survival in low-risk patients can be quite prolonged.
946 citations