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Journal ArticleDOI

At the origins and in the vanguard of peridynamics, non-local and higher-gradient continuum mechanics: An underestimated and still topical contribution of Gabrio Piola

01 Sep 2015-Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 20, Iss: 8, pp 887-928
TL;DR: Gabrio Piola's scientific papers have been underestimated in mathematical physics literature as mentioned in this paper, but a careful reading of them proves that they are original, deep and far-reaching, and even even...
Abstract: Gabrio Piola’s scientific papers have been underestimated in mathematical physics literature. Indeed, a careful reading of them proves that they are original, deep and far-reaching. Actually, even ...
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered a discrete spring model for extensible beams and proposed a heuristic homogenization technique of the kind first used by Piola to formulate a continuum fully nonlinear beam model.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to find a computationally efficient and predictive model for the class of systems that we call ‘pantographic structures’. The interest in these materials was increased by the possibilities opened by the diffusion of technology of three-dimensional printing. They can be regarded, once choosing a suitable length scale, as families of beams (also called fibres) interconnected to each other by pivots and undergoing large displacements and large deformations. There are, however, relatively few ‘ready-to-use’ results in the literature of nonlinear beam theory. In this paper, we consider a discrete spring model for extensible beams and propose a heuristic homogenization technique of the kind first used by Piola to formulate a continuum fully nonlinear beam model. The homogenized energy which we obtain has some peculiar and interesting features which we start to describe by solving numerically some exemplary deformation problems. Furthermore, we consider pantographic structures, find the corresponding homogenized second gradient deformation energies and study some planar problems. Numerical solutions for these two-dimensional problems are obtained via minimization of energy and are compared with some experimental measurements, in which elongation phenomena cannot be neglected.

333 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review on the development of higher-order continuum models for capturing size effects in small-scale structures is presented, mainly focusing on the size-dependent beam, plate and shell models developed based on the nonlocal elasticity theory, modified couple stress theory and strain gradient theory.

275 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the state of the art in the study of mechanical metamaterials is given in this article, where the very attractive property of having a microstructure capable of determining exotic and specific properties is discussed.
Abstract: In this paper, we give a review of the state of the art in the study of mechanical metamaterials. The very attractive property of having a microstructure capable of determining exotic and specifica...

266 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: P pantographic metamaterials undergo very large deformations while remaining in the elastic regime, are very tough in resisting to damage phenomena, and exhibit robust macroscopic mechanical behavior with respect to minor changes in their microstructure and micromechanical properties.
Abstract: In this paper, we account for the research efforts that have been started, for some among us, already since 2003, and aimed to the design of a class of exotic architectured, optimized (meta) materials. At the first stage of these efforts, as it often happens, the research was based on the results of mathematical investigations. The problem to be solved was stated as follows: determine the material (micro)structure governed by those equations that specify a desired behavior. Addressing this problem has led to the synthesis of second gradient materials. In the second stage, it has been necessary to develop numerical integration schemes and the corresponding codes for solving, in physically relevant cases, the chosen equations. Finally, it has been necessary to physically construct the theoretically synthesized microstructures. This has been possible by means of the recent developments in rapid prototyping technologies, which allow for the fabrication of some complex (micro)structures considered, up to now, to be simply some mathematical dreams. We show here a panorama of the results of our efforts (1) in designing pantographic metamaterials, (2) in exploiting the modern technology of rapid prototyping, and (3) in the mechanical testing of many real prototypes. Among the key findings that have been obtained, there are the following ones: pantographic metamaterials (1) undergo very large deformations while remaining in the elastic regime, (2) are very tough in resisting to damage phenomena, (3) exhibit robust macroscopic mechanical behavior with respect to minor changes in their microstructure and micromechanical properties, (4) have superior strength to weight ratio, (5) have predictable damage behavior, and (6) possess physical properties that are critically dictated by their geometry at the microlevel.

264 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a numerical code implementing directly the discrete Hencky-type model which is robust enough to solve the problem of the determination of equilibrium configurations in the large deformation and displacement regimes.
Abstract: Hencky (Uber die angenaherte Losung von Stabilitatsproblemen im Raum mittels der elastischen Gelenkkette. Ph.D. thesis, Engelmann, 1921) proposed a discrete model for elasticae by introducing rigid bars and rotational springs. Hencky (Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Eng Sci 472(2185), 2016) approach has been introduced to heuristically motivate the need of second gradient continua. Here, we present a novel numerical code implementing directly the discrete Hencky-type model which is robust enough to solve the problem of the determination of equilibrium configurations in the large deformation and displacement regimes. We apply this model to study some potentially applicable problems, and we compare its performances with those of the second gradient continuum model. The numerical evidence presented supports the conjecture that Hencky-type converges to second gradient model.

224 citations

References
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1960

3,018 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a peridynamic formulation for the basic equations of continuum mechanics is proposed, and the propagation of linear stress waves in the new theory is discussed, and wave dispersion relations are derived.
Abstract: Some materials may naturally form discontinuities such as cracks as a result of deformation. As an aid to the modeling of such materials, a new framework for the basic equations of continuum mechanics, called the "peridynamic" formulation, is proposed. The propagation of linear stress waves in the new theory is discussed, and wave dispersion relations are derived. Material stability and its connection with wave propagation is investigated. It is demonstrated by an example that the reformulated approach permits the solution of fracture problems using the same equations either on or off the crack surface or crack tip. This is an advantage for modeling problems in which the location of a crack is not known in advance.

2,842 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: HAL as discussed by the authors is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not, which may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Elastic materials with couple-stresses R. Toupin

2,574 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of non-local elasticity is presented via the vehicles of global balance laws and the second law of thermodynamics via the use of a localized Clausius-Duhem inequality and a variational statement of Gibbsian global thermodynamics.

2,201 citations