scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal Article•DOI•

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes in Basrah

Abbas Ali Mansour, Narjis A.H. Ajeel
15 Jun 2013-World Journal of Diabetes (Baishideng Publishing Group Inc)-Vol. 4, Iss: 3, pp 82-87
TL;DR: There was increased frequency of cardiovascular disease and its modifiable risk factors among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and this finding necessitated urgent work to modify these risk factors in a population based setting.
Abstract: AIM: To determine the frequency of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in Basrah, Iraq. METHODS: Participants in this cross-sectional study were patients who had type 2 diabetes for at least 1 year, presenting at the Al-Faiha Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism Center in Basrah (Southern Iraq) over the period from January to December 2008. RESULTS: The series included 1079 patients (58.8% men), of whom 25.0% were smokers. The prevalence of symptomatic cardiovascular disease and hypertension was 16.0%, and 44.3% respectively. Those who were overweight or obese constituted 70.5%. Insulin was used in only 26.9% despite 56.1% having had diabetes for 6 years and more. The mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 9.46% ± 2.0% and only 5.5% achieved the target of HbA1c of < 7%. We had 68.7% of patients with total cholesterol of ≥ 200 mg/dL, 21.5% with high density lipoprotein cholesterol of < 40 mg/dL, 84.1% with low density lipoprotein cholesterol of ≥ 100 mg/dL and 71.6% with triglyceride of ≥ 150 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: Among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there was increased frequency of cardiovascular disease and its modifiable risk factors. This finding necessitated urgent work to modify these risk factors in a population based setting.
Citations
More filters
Journal Article•DOI•
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007-2017

[...]

Thomas R. Einarson1, Annabel Acs, Craig Ludwig, Ulrik Haagen Panton2•
University of Toronto1, Novo Nordisk2
08 Jun 2018-Cardiovascular Diabetology
TL;DR: CVD is a major cause of mortality among people with T2DM, accounting for approximately half of all deaths over the study period, and overall CVD affects approximately 32.2% of all persons with T 2DM.
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common comorbidity in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). CVD’s prevalence has been growing over time. To estimate the current prevalence of CVD among adults with T2DM by reviewing literature published within the last 10 years (2007–March 2017). We searched Medline, Embase, and proceedings of major scientific meetings for original research documenting the prevalence of CVD in T2DM. CVD included stroke, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular death. No restrictions were placed on country of origin or publication language. Two reviewers independently searched for articles and extracted data, adjudicating results through consensus. Data were summarized descriptively. Risk of bias was examined by applying the STROBE checklist. We analyzed data from 57 articles with 4,549,481 persons having T2DM. Europe produced the most articles (46%), followed by the Western Pacific/China (21%), and North America (13%). Overall in 4,549,481 persons with T2DM, 52.0% were male, 47.0% were obese, aged 63.6 ± 6.9 years old, with T2DM duration of 10.4 ± 3.7 years. CVD affected 32.2% overall (53 studies, N = 4,289,140); 29.1% had atherosclerosis (4 studies, N = 1153), 21.2% had coronary heart disease (42 articles, N = 3,833,200), 14.9% heart failure (14 studies, N = 601,154), 14.6% angina (4 studies, N = 354,743), 10.0% myocardial infarction (13 studies, N = 3,518,833) and 7.6% stroke (39 studies, N = 3,901,505). CVD was the cause of death in 9.9% of T2DM patients (representing 50.3% of all deaths). Risk of bias was low; 80 ± 12% of STROBE checklist items were adequately addressed. Globally, overall CVD affects approximately 32.2% of all persons with T2DM. CVD is a major cause of mortality among people with T2DM, accounting for approximately half of all deaths over the study period. Coronary artery disease and stroke were the major contributors.

1,088 citations

Cites background from "Atherosclerotic cardiovascular dise..."

  • ...…BMI: 24.3 57.6% 64.9 NR 1.0 China MacDonald (2011) [103] 247 countries 669 BMI = 31.2 ± 4.6 51.7% 58.8 7.2 2.0 247 countries Malik (2015) [34] Scotland 121,523 BMI = 31.7 ± 6.6 52.0% 63.0 4.2 4.8 Scotland Mansour (2013) [48] Iraq 1079 33.8% 58.8% 56.3 7.4 NR Iraq Mazza (2007) [104] Italy 581 30.1%…...

    [...]

  • ...On the other hand, four studies reported no differences between age categories [26, 34, 48, 49]....

    [...]

  • ...Studies from 25 countries were represented in this review: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Cameroon, China, France, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Portugal, Qatar, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, UK and USA....

    [...]

  • ...There were 51 full articles and six abstracts presented at scientific Table 1 Overview of studies in the analysis Author (year) Country Patients % obese or reported BMI % males Age (years) Diabetes duration (years) Follow-up (years) Time of data collection Alaboud (2016) [41] Saudi Arabia 748 64.3% 42.4% 57.9 13.3 NR Apr–Jun 2014 Alonso‑Moran (2014) [42] Spain 134,421 NR 54.0% NR NR NR 2007–2011 Alwakeel (2008) [30] Saudi Arabia 1952 44.8% 48.3% 58.4 10.4 7.9 Jan 1989–Jan 2004 Bhatti (2016) [26]a India 1522 BMI = 26.7 ± 4.4 58.3% 58.1 7.2 NR 2011–2014 Boonman‑de Winter (2012) [38] Netherlands 581 28.1% 53.4% 71.6 5.5 NR Feb 2009–Mar 2010 Cardoso (2008) [31] Brazil 471 NR 34.2% 60.5 9.3 4.8 1994–1996, 2001 Carnethon (2010) [32] USA 919 BMI = 28.2 ± 4.9 53.4% 72.8 NR 11.3 (1989/92–93) through 2005 Carrasco‑Sánchez (2014) [43] Spain 490 BMI = 31.4 ± 14.23 44.3% 76.6 NR NR 2008–2011 Cheng (2014) [86] China 2834 91.6% 51.8% 58.5 7.0 NR Aug 2011–Mar 2012 Collier (2015) [27]a Scotland 7385 51.0% NR 64.3 NR NR NR 6032 57.5% NR 66.4 NR NR NR Cortez‑Dias (2010) [87] Portugal 3215 45.1% 38.4% 58.1 NR NR Apr 2006–Nov 2007 Daghash (2007) [88] Qatar 180 BMI = 30.35 ± 4.9 43.0% 51.3 NR NR May–Oct 2004 Doucet (2016) [89] France 987 BMI = 29.7 ± 5.2 47.9% 77.1 17.8 NR Jun 2009–Jul 2010 Eeg‑Olofsson (2010) [33] Sweden 18,334 BMI = 28.8 ± 5 56.7% 64.0 8.0 5.6 1997–1998–2003 Farrell (2014) [90] Ireland 309 NR NR NR NR NR NR Fu (2010) [91] Spain, France, UK, Norway, Finland, Germany, Poland 1942 52.9% 64.4% 64.5 6.2 2.8 Jun 2006–Feb 2007 Giallauria (2015) [92] Italy 475 NR 74% 69.7 NR NR Jan 28–Feb 10, 2008 Glogner (2014) [40] Sweden 83,021 BMI = 28.9 ± 5.04 55.3% 65.8 7.6 7.2 Enrolled: 1998– 2003; through 2009 Gobardhan (2017) [93] Netherlands 318 53.0% 50.9% 52.3 11.0 10.0 NR Gondim (2016) [94] Brazil 66 BMI = 27.17 ± 4.62 43.9% 64.6 NR NR NR Hermans (2016) [95] Belgium 711 BMI = 29.5 ± 5.8 66% 67.0 16.0 NR NR Hunt (2014) [96] USA 1030 BMI = 33.6 23.5% 52.7 10.5 NR 1995–2003 Jackson (2012) [97] Scotland 216,652 NR 53.6% ≥40 NR 4.5 2001–2007 Jurado (2009) [98] Spain 307 44.9% 61.6% 59.6 8.5 NR Nov 2001–Dec 2002 Kucharska‑Newton (2010) [99] USA 209 BMI = 31.0 ± 6.0 43.5% 55.5 NR NR 1987–1989–2001 Kwon (2014) [100] Korea 59 NR 59.3% 64.5 NR 13.0 Korea Lin (2013) [45] USA 162,332 NR NR ≥18 ≥2 ≥2 USA Liu (2015) [101] China 21,072 NR 53.9% 63.7 NR NR China Luo (2014) [102] China 4836 BMI: 24.3 57.6% 64.9 NR 1.0 China MacDonald (2011) [103] 247 countries 669 BMI = 31.2 ± 4.6 51.7% 58.8 7.2 2.0 247 countries Malik (2015) [34] Scotland 121,523 BMI = 31.7 ± 6.6 52.0% 63.0 4.2 4.8 Scotland Mansour (2013) [48] Iraq 1079 33.8% 58.8% 56.3 7.4 NR Iraq Mazza (2007) [104] Italy 581 30.1% 34.8% 74.3 20.3 12.0 Italy Menghua (2014) [49] China 240 NR NR NR NR NR China meetings....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ramallah and al-Bireh: The Palestinian Diabetes Complications and Control Study (PDCCS)

[...]

Rula Ghandour1, Nahed Mikki1, Niveen M E Abu Rmeileh1, Lars Jerdén2, Margareta Norberg3, Jan W. Eriksson4, Abdullatif Husseini1 •
Birzeit University1, Dalarna University2, Umeå University3, Uppsala University4
01 Dec 2018-Primary Care Diabetes
TL;DR: Significant proportions of persons with T2DM had macro- and microvascular complications and poor metabolic control, which are important for policy development and the planning of health services.

15 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Risk Factors and Diabetes Related Complications Frequency in the Population of the Northeastern Morocco

[...]

Jamila Hammoudi, Hassana Dahmani, Nourel Houda Bouanani, Hamid Nouayti, Hassane Mekhfi, Abdelkhaleq Legssyer, Mohamed Bnouham, Abderrahim Ziyyat 
31 Aug 2018-Open Journal of Epidemiology
TL;DR: Estimating the frequency of diabetes complications and investigating the associated risk factors showed that age, duration of diabetes and high albuminuria are the major risk factors for the development of diabetic complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most challenging health problems in the 21st century that brings a considerable economic burden on worldwide healthcare resources. Indeed, people with diabetes have a higher lifetime healthcare expenditure due to the long-term complications, which include micro and macrovascular complications. This study sought to estimate the frequency of diabetes complications, and to investigate the associated risk factors. Methodology: Data were obtained from the medical records of 2401 diabetic patients followed at the Reference Center of Diabetes and Chronic Diseases (RCD) in Oujda (Morocco) during the period 2006-2011. Results: Our sample of 2401 diabetic patients include 64.7% women. 32% of patients have one or more complications; retinopathy is the most frequent complication (16.8%), followed by nephropathy (12.4%), cardiovascular diseases (5.4%), neuropathy (3.6%) and diabetes foot (2%). Logistic regression in univariate followed by multivariate analysis has showed that age, duration of diabetes and high albuminuria are the major risk factors for the development of diabetic complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Nearly one third of diabetic patients were affected by at least one diabetic complication; retinopathy is the most common complication in these patients. Strengthening programs to improve diabetes management and to reduce the risk of these complications should be a high priority in order to control the cost of treatment.

9 citations

Cites background from "Atherosclerotic cardiovascular dise..."

  • ...some studies realized in the Middle East and North Africa, the macrovascular complications ranged from 9% to 17% in people with diabetes [62] [63] [64]....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Selected Hospitals of Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia.

[...]

Lemma Demissie Regassa1, Assefa Tola1, Yohanes Ayele1•
Haramaya University1
05 Feb 2021-Frontiers in Public Health
TL;DR: In this article, a hospital-based retrospective data review was conducted among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients on follow-up in the diabetes clinics of selected hospitals of Harari regional state of Ethiopia.
Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent complication and the leading cause of death among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of CVD There is a scarcity of data about the magnitude of CVD among patients with diabetes in Ethiopia This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of CVD among T2DM patients at selected hospitals of Harari regional state of Ethiopia Methods: This hospital-based retrospective data review was conducted among T2DM patients on follow-up in the diabetes clinics of selected hospitals of Harari regional state The records of T2DM patients who have been diagnosed between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, were reviewed from March to April 2018 Data were collected by using structured checklists from all necessary documents of T2DM patients Statistical analysis was done using STATA 141 Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with CVD Result: The records of 454 T2DM patients were extracted from three government hospitals in Harari regional state Their age was ranging from 15 to 86 years with a mean age (±SD) of 4539 (1476) The overall prevalence of CVD among T2DM patients was 4251%, composed of hypertensive heart diseases (3899%), heart failure (683%), and stroke (220%) The final multivariate logistic regression model revealed that age older than 60 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 322; 95% CI: 171-609], being physically inactive (AOR = 145; 95 CI: 106-238), drinking alcohol (AOR = 239; 95% CI: 117-606), hypertension (AOR = 241; 95% CI: 152-383), body mass index >249 kg/m2 (AOR = 181; 95% CI: 107-307), and experiencing microvascular diabetic complications (AOR = 362; 95% CI: 201-653) were significantly associated with the odds of having CVD Conclusion: The prevalence of CVD was high and associated with advanced age, physical inactivity, drinking alcohol, higher body mass index, hypertension, and having microvascular complications Health care workers should educate T2DM patients about healthy lifestyles like physical activity, weight reduction, blood pressure control, and alcohol secession, which can reduce the risk of CVD

9 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Thoracic periaortic adipose tissue in relation to cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

[...]

Ömer Akyürek1, Duran Efe1, Zeynettin Kaya1•
Mevlana University1
22 Oct 2014-Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
TL;DR: Findings indicate significantly higher values for TAT in diabetics than controls, being associated positively with body weight, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia and strongly predicted by HbA1c levels in diabetic patients, while not differing with respect to gender, smoking status, and concomitant hypertension.
Abstract: To evaluate thoracic periaortic adipose tissue (TAT) burden in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in comparison with controls and in relation to cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 93 patients with type 2 DM (mean (standard deviation; SD) age: 56.7 (11.2) years, 71.0 % were men) and 85 nondiabetic control subjects (mean (SD) age: 54.6 (10.9) years, 58.8 % were men) who were admitted to Mevlana University hospital between January 2011 and June 2013 and underwent multidetector computed tomography for any reason were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patient and control groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, anthropometrics, and laboratory findings. TAT volume was evaluated in both groups, while correlates of TAT were determined via linear regression analysis among patients. In patients with type 2 DM, TAT volume (40.1 (23.9) versus 16.9 (7.7) cm3, p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglyceride (p = 0.017), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p = 0.034) levels were significantly higher compared with the control group. Strong positive correlation of TAT was noted with body mass index (r = 0.339, p = 0.001) and serum levels for fasting blood glucose (r = 0.343, p < 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; r = 0.615, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (r = 0.269, p = 0.009), and LDL cholesterol (r = 0.258, p = 0.013). In stepwise regression analysis, Hba1c emerged as a significant predictor of TAT (b = 0.610, p < 0.001), contributing to 19 % of its variability. In conclusion, our findings indicate significantly higher values for TAT in diabetics than controls, being associated positively with body weight, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia and strongly predicted by HbA1c levels in diabetic patients, while not differing with respect to gender, smoking status, and concomitant hypertension.

5 citations

References
More filters
Journal Article•DOI•
Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)

[...]

Scott M. Grundy, David W. Bilheimer, Alan Chait, Luther T. Clark, Margo A. Denke, Richard J. Havel, William R. Hazzard, Stephen B. Hulley, Donald B. Hunninghake, Robert A. Kreisberg, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, James M. McKenney, Michael A. Newman, Ernst J. Schaefer, Burton E. Sobel, Carolyn Somelofski, Milton C. Weinstein, H. Bryan Brewer, James I. Cleeman, Karen A. Donato, Nancy D. Ernst, Jeffrey M. Hoeg, Basil M. Rifkind, Jacques E. Rossouw, Christopher T. Sempos, Joanne M. Gallivan, Maureen N. Harris, Laurie Quint-Adler 
16 Jun 1993-JAMA
TL;DR: Dairy therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD, and the fundamental approach to treatment is comparable.
Abstract: THE SECOND report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II, or ATP II) presents the National Cholesterol Education Program's updated recommendations for cholesterol management. It is similar to the first in general outline, and the fundamental approach to treatment of high blood cholesterol is comparable. This report continues to identify low-density lipoproteins (LDL) as the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. As in the first report, the second report emphasizes the role of the clinical approach in primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary therapy remains the first line of treatment of high blood cholesterol, and drug therapy is reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for CHD. However, the second report contains new features that distinguish it from the first. These include the following: Increased emphasis on See also pp 3002 and 3009.

28,495 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030

[...]

Sarah H. Wild1, Gojka Roglić, Anders Green, Richard Sicree, Hilary King •
University of Edinburgh1
01 May 2004-Diabetes Care
TL;DR: Findings indicate that the "diabetes epidemic" will continue even if levels of obesity remain constant, and given the increasing prevalence of obesity, it is likely that these figures provide an underestimate of future diabetes prevalence.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE —The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and the number of people of all ages with diabetes for years 2000 and 2030. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —Data on diabetes prevalence by age and sex from a limited number of countries were extrapolated to all 191 World Health Organization member states and applied to United Nations’ population estimates for 2000 and 2030. Urban and rural populations were considered separately for developing countries. RESULTS —The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. The prevalence of diabetes is higher in men than women, but there are more women with diabetes than men. The urban population in developing countries is projected to double between 2000 and 2030. The most important demographic change to diabetes prevalence across the world appears to be the increase in the proportion of people >65 years of age. CONCLUSIONS —These findings indicate that the “diabetes epidemic” will continue even if levels of obesity remain constant. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, it is likely that these figures provide an underestimate of future diabetes prevalence.

16,648 citations

Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National

[...]

William C. Taylor, Nigel Unwin
01 Jan 2009

15,111 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

[...]

Vittorio Basevi
06 Feb 2011-Diabetes Care
TL;DR: The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dys-function, and failure of differentorgans, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.

13,077 citations

Journal Article•
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)

[...]

Scott M. Grundy, Diane M. Becker, Luther T. Clark, Richard S. Cooper, Margo A. Denke, James P. Howard, Donald B. Hunninghake, D. Roger Illingworth, Russell V. Luepker, Patrick E. McBride, James M. McKenney, Richard C. Pasternak, Neil J. Stone, Linda Van Horn 
17 Dec 2002-Circulation

12,733 citations

Related Papers (5)
HbA1c Levels among Primary Healthcare Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Oman.

[...]

01 Nov 2012-Oman Medical Journal
Jawad Al-Lawati, Mohammed N. Barakat, Masoud Y. Al-Maskari, Medhat K. Elsayed, Alya M. Al-Lawati, Ali Jaffer Mohammed 
Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in an adult type 2 diabetes Spanish population between 2003 and 2009.

[...]

27 Jan 2014-PLOS ONE
Carmen de Burgos-Lunar, Rodrigo Jiménez-García, Miguel A. Salinero-Fort, Paloma Gómez-Campelo, Ángel Gil, Juan Carlos Abánades-Herranz, Juan Cárdenas-Valladolid, Isabel del Cura-González 
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in a type 2 diabetic population of the North Catalonia diabetes study.

[...]

01 Mar 2009-Journal of The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
Jeronimo Jurado, Juan Ybarra, Pascual Solanas, Jacint Caula, Ignasi Gich, Jose M. Pou, June H. Romeo 
The Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) study: Collection of baseline data from the first 580 patients

[...]

21 Sep 2012-Clinical Epidemiology
Reimar W. Thomsen, Jens Steen Nielsen, Sinna Pilgaard Ulrichsen, Lars Østergaard Pedersen, Anne-Marie Hansen, Tove Nilsson 
Changes in diabetes care indicators: findings from German National Health Interview and Examination Surveys 1997-1999 and 2008-2011

[...]

01 Nov 2015-BMJ open diabetes research & care
Yong Du, Christin Heidemann, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Amanda K. Buttery, Rebecca Paprott, Hannelore Neuhauser, Thea Riedel, Andrea Icks, Christa Scheidt-Nave