scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Atmosphere protection in case of emergency during transportation of dangerous cargo

25 Feb 2016-Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport (Днепропетровский национальный университет железнодорожного транспорта им. академика В. Лазаряна)-pp 48-54
TL;DR: In this paper, numerical models based on the use of Navier-Stokes equations, to determine the velocity field of the wind flow near cars and buildings, and contaminants-transfer equations in the atmosphere were developed.
Abstract: Purpose. The paper highlights the d evelopment of numerical models for prediction of atmospheric pollution in case of burning of the solid rocket propellant in a railway car, situated near the building on railway territory. These models can be used in predicting the effectiveness of neutralization upon the atmosphere protection for this type of accidents. Methodology. To solve this problem the numerical models based on the use of Navier-Stokes equations, to determine the velocity field of the wind flow near cars and buildings, and contaminants-transfer equations in the atmosphere were developed. For the numerical integration of pollutant transport equation was used implicit «change – triangle» difference scheme. When constructing a difference scheme physical and geometric cleavage of the transfer equation is carried out in four steps. Unknown value of pollutant concentration at each step of cleavage is determined by the explicit scheme – the method of «point-to-point computation». For the numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations are used implicit difference schemes. When carrying out computing experiment also takes into account: the velocity profile of wind flow; interaction between the building and the wind flow and flame jet of solid rocket propellant; the presence of a railroad car; inside which there is a source of pollution; instability of pollutant emissions. On the basis of constructed numerical models was performed the computer experiment for assessing the level of air pollution at dangerous cargo rail transportation in case of emergency at railway territory.The application calculations for the timely combustion products neutralization of solid rocket propellant were carried out. Findings. The numerical models that let promptly calculate air contamination in case of emergency during solid rocket propellant transportation, as well as calculate the rational parameters of pollutant neutralization process were developed by the researcher. These models can be used for routine calculations of various accident scenarios simulation. Originality. Numerical models were developed; they take into account significant factors, influencing the pollutant dispersion process in the atmosphere. On their base a pollutant neutralization method was offered in emergency situations on the railway transport. Practical value. Efficient numerical models, so called «diagnostic models» were considered for the rapid calculation of the air pollution level and air protection technology in emergency situations, in particular, in the case of railway transportation the solid rocket propellant.

Content maybe subject to copyright    Report

Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a 3D model of 3D-based 3D models of the human body and show how it can be used in 3D modeling, showing how the body can be transformed into 3D objects.
Abstract: Цель . Научная работа предполагает: 1) разработку 3 D численных моделей, которые позволяют рассчитывать процесс загрязнения атмосферного воздуха выбросами автотранспорта; 2) создание моделей, которые давали бы возможность прогнозировать уровень загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в условиях городской застройки. Методика. Для решения задачи по оценке уровня загрязнения атмосферного воздуха выбросами автотранспорта используются фундаментальные уравнения аэродинамики и массопереноса. Для решения дифференциальных уравнений аэродинамики и массопереноса используются конечно-разностные методы. Для численного интегрирования уравнения потенциала скорости применяется метод условной аппроксимации. Уравнение для потенциала скорости, записанное в разностном виде, расщепляется на два уравнения, причем на каждом шаге расщепления неизвестное значение потенциала скорости определяется по явной схеме бегущего счета, при этом сама разностная схема – неявная. Для численного интегрирования уравнения рассеивания выбросов в атмосфере применяется неявная попеременно-треугольная разностная схема расщепления. Выбросы от автотрассы моделируются серией точечных источников заданной интенсивности. Разработанные численные модели составляют основу созданного пакета прикладных программ. Результаты. Разработаны 3 D численные модели, которые относятся к классу « diagnostic models ». Данные модели учитывают основные физические факторы, влияющие на процесс рассеивания вредных веществ в атмосфере при выбросах от автотранспорта в городе. На основе построенных численных моделей проведен вычислительный эксперимент по оценке уровня загрязнения воздушной среды на улице. Научная новизна. Авторами разработаны численные модели, которые позволяют рассчитать 3 D аэродинамику ветрового потока в условиях городской застройки и процесс массопереноса выбросов от автотрассы. Выполнены расчеты по определению зоны загрязнения, которая формируется возле зданий, расположенных вдоль автомагистрали. Практическая значимость. В работе рассмотрены эффективные численные модели, которые могут быть применены при разработке мероприятий по охране окружающей среды при эксплуатации автомобильного транспорта в городе. Разработанные модели позволяют оценить размеры, форму и интенсивность зоны загрязнения возле автомагистрали.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a code that can be used to quickly simulate the temperature fields formation in the shop in case of emergency burning of solid rocket propellant and to identify potential areas of thermal damages to workers based on this information.
Abstract: Purpose. This work includes the development of a computer model to calculate the risk of thermal damage to people in the shop in case of emergency burning of solid rocket propellant. Methodology. To calculate the temperature field in the shop in order to determine the zones of thermal damage to workers in the building, the equation expressing the law of energy conservation was used. Based on this modeling equation, the temperature field in the shop is calculated in the presence of a source of heat emission – burning solid rocket propellant. To calculate the velocity field of air flow in the shop, taking into account the location of obstacles in the path of heat wave propagation, we used the model of vortex-free air motion – the equation of the velocity potential. A two-step finite difference scheme of conditional approximation is used to numerically solve the equation for the velocity potential. A difference splitting scheme was used to numerically solve the energy equation. At the first stage of construction of the difference splitting scheme of the two-dimensional energy equation into the system of one-dimensional equations is performed. Each one-dimensional equation allows you to calculate the temperature change in one coordinate direction. The point-to-point computation scheme is used to determine the temperature. When conducting a computational experiment, the air exchange in the building is taken into account. The risk assessment of thermal damage to personnel in the building is performed for different probabilities of the place of emergency combustion of solid rocket propellant. Findings. Using numerical model prediction of the potential risk areas of thermal damage to staff in the shop for a variety of emergency situations was performed. Originality. A computer model for rapid assessment of the potential risk of damage to people in the shop in case of emergency burning of solid rocket propellant was constructed. Practical value. The authors developed a code that allows you to quickly simulate the temperature fields formation in the shop in case of emergency burning of solid rocket propellant and to identify potential areas of thermal damages to workers based on this information. The developed computer program can be used to assess the risk of thermal damage in the chemical industry in case of emergency.

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Amelina and Cherednychenko as mentioned in this paper were the first to report their findings, with ORCID 0000-0002-8525-7096; M.L. Biliaiev and O. Berlov reporting ORCIDs 0000-0001-1457-9282.
Abstract: L. Amelina: ORCID 0000-0002-8525-7096; M. Biliaiev: ORCID 0000-0002-1531-7882; O. Berlov: ORCID 0000-0002-7442-0548; L. Cherednychenko: ORCID 0000-0002-1457-9282

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a 3D-based 3D model of the world in 3D and show how it can be used in the context of virtual reality games.
Abstract: Цель. Научная работа предполагает разработку 3 D -численных моделей, которые позволят рассчитывать процесс загрязнения атмосферного воздуха выбросами автотранспорта с учетом химической трансформации вредных веществ. Также необходимо рассмотреть создание численных моделей, которые давали бы возможность прогнозировать уровень загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в условиях городской застройки. Методика. Для решения задачи по оценке уровня загрязнения атмосферного воздуха выбросами автотранспорта задействованы уравнения аэродинамики и массопереноса. Для решения дифференциальных уравнений аэродинамики и массопереноса используются конечно-разностные методы. Для численного интегрирования уравнения потенциала скорости применяется метод условной аппроксимации. Уравнение для потенциала скорости, записанное в разностном виде, разделяется на два уравнения, причем на каждом шаге разделения неизвестное значение потенциала скорости определяется по явной схеме бегущего счета, при этом сама разностная схема – неявная. Для численного интегрирования уравнения рассеивания выбросов в атмосфере применяется неявная попеременно-треугольная разностная схема расщепления. Выбросы от автотрассы моделируются серией точечных источников заданной интенсивности. Разработанные численные модели составляют основу созданного пакета прикладных программ. Результаты. Авторами созданы 3 D -численные модели, которые относятся к классу « diagnostic models ». Данные модели учитывают основные физические факторы, влияющие на процесс рассеивания вредных веществ в атмосфере при выбросах от автотранспорта с учетом химической трансформации вредных веществ. На основе построенных численных моделей проведен вычислительный эксперимент по оценке уровня загрязнения воздушной среды на улице. Научная новизна. Разработаны численные модели, которые позволяют рассчитать 3D аэродинамику ветрового потока в условиях городской застройки и процесс массопереноса выбросов от автотрассы. Модели позволяют учитывать химическую трансформацию выбросов в атмосфере. Выполнены расчеты по определению зоны загрязнения, которая формируется возле зданий, расположенных вдоль автомагистрали. Практическая значимость. Рассмотрены эффективные численные модели, которые могут быть применены при разработке мероприятий по охране окружающей среды при эксплуатации автомобильного транспорта в городе. Разработанные модели позволяют оценить размеры, форму и интенсивность зоны загрязнения возле автомагистрали.

2 citations

References
More filters
BookDOI
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a set of criteria of atmospheric air pollution hazards and their application in forecasting and showed that these criteria can be used in forecasting of air pollution and meteorological conditions.
Abstract: 1. Criteria of atmospheric air pollution hazards and their application in forecasting.- 2. Physical principles of air pollution forecasting.- 3. Anomalously hazardous conditions of pollutant diffusion.- 4. Numerical methods of air pollution forecasting.- 5. Correlations between air pollution and meteorological conditions.- 6. Statistical methods of air pollution forecasting.- 7. Forecasting of unfavourable meteorological conditions.- 8. Allowance for urban microclimate in forecasting unfavourable meteorological conditions.- 9. Regulation of emissions into the atmosphere.- 10. Effectiveness of forecasts and further problems.- References.

53 citations


"Atmosphere protection in case of em..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...In some cases Gauss model is used to predict atmosphere pollution level [5-7, 13]....

    [...]

  • ...In the developed numerical model, the following profile of velocity component u and coefficient of diffusion is used [5, 6]:...

    [...]

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented numerical models to simulate the flow field and pollutant concentrations in the regions with complex topography, which can be used for express (quickly ) air quality modeling for cases of air pollution after accidents when there is no initial information about meteorological parameters, mass of ejection, etc.
Abstract: In Ukraine, to predict the area of chemical pollution after accidents with toxic substances standard model which is adopted by Government is used. This is the empirical model which possibilities are very restricted. This paper presents numerical models to simulate the flow field and pollutant concentrations in the regions with complex topography. The hydrodynamic model of inviscid flow is used to predict the velocity field over complex terrain and that is the reason of main advantage of these models, because of they do not consume much of computing time. The models can be used for express (quickly ) air quality modeling for cases of air pollution after accidents when there is lack of initial information about meteorological parameters, mass of ejection, etc.

45 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an operational numerical model to compute contamination of the atmosphere over Pavlograd city in the case of solid rocket propellant ignition at the storage, which can be used for the quick estimation of risk for people in the city after toxic chemical release at the solid propellant storage.
Abstract: Purpose. Development of the operational numerical model to compute contamination of the atmosphere over Pavlograd city in the case of solid rocket propellant ignition at the storage. Methodology. To simulate the toxic chemical dispersion (product of the solid rocket propellant firing) the equation of convective-diffusion transfer is used. This equation takes into account the toxic chemical dispersion in the atmosphere by wind and the atmosphere diffusion. To calculate the process of the indoor contamination in the case of the contaminated air infiltration a balance model is used. This model takes into account the ventilation flow rate, volume of the room, concentration of toxic chemical in the inlet air. To compute the ventilation flow rate the empirical model was used. The implicit change–triangle difference scheme was used for the numerical integration of the governing equation. FORTRAN language was used to develop code on the basis of the created numerical model. On the basis of the developed numeral model numerical experiment was carried out which allowed to estimate the level of atmosphere contamination in Pavlograd city. Findings. The operational model allows predicting quickly the hitting zone dimensions. The developed model was used to estimate risk of people toxic hitting in the residential districts of Pavlograd city. Originality. A numeral model allows to estimate the risk of toxic hitting of people in Pavlograd city in the case of an accident at the of solid rocket propellant storage. Practical value. The developed numeral model can be used for the quick estimation of risk for people in the city after toxic chemical release at the solid propellant storage. The developed numerical model solves the problem to assess the consequences for the population at ignition of solid rocket propellant in storage.

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a 2D numerical model to simulate the pollutant dispersion over complex terrain was proposed, based on the equation of potential flow and equation of admixture transfer.
Abstract: The 2D numerical model to simulate the pollutant dispersion over complex terrain was proposed. The model is based on the equation of potential flow and the equation of admixture transfer. Results of the numerical experiment are presented.

3 citations